Haemaphysalis humerosa, not H. longicornis, is the likely vector of Theileria buffeli in Australia

Stewart, N. P.; Vos, A.J. De; Mcgregor, W. S.; Shiels, Ian A.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1987.tb15960.x

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Repeated early detection of the Ikeda genotype is consistent with transmission of a sporozoite population that is skewed towards this genotype, although host immunological factors could also account for this phenomenon (see later). Experimental transmission studies conducted in the 1980s suggested that populations of H. longicornis from Queensland were unable to transmit the Buffeli genotype, while Haemaphysalis humerosa and Haemaphysalis bancrofti were competent vectors (Stewart et al, 1987(Stewart et al, , 1989. However, of these three potential vectors, only H. longicornis is known to be endemic to the mid-coast of NSW where the herd examined in this study was located and therefore is the most likely candidate vector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

Jenkins

Micallef

Alex

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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In Australia, outbreaks of clinical theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis have been largely associated with the Ikeda genotype which can occur as a sole infection, or more commonly, as a mixture of genotypes. The most prevalent genotype, Chitose, frequently co-occurs with type Ikeda, however the role of this genotype in clinical disease has not been clearly established. Furthermore, the dynamics of individual genotypes in field infection of cattle have not been examined. In this study we developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) and genotyping methods to examine the role of the Chitose genotype in clinical disease and to investigate the temporal dynamics of T. orientalis Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli genotypes in naïve animals introduced to a T. orientalis-endemic area. Analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) genes of Chitose isolates revealed the presence of two distinct phylogenetic clusters, Chitose A and Chitose B. A genotyping assay aimed at determining Chitose A/B allele frequency revealed that the Chitose A phylogenetic cluster is strongly associated with clinical disease but nearly always co-occurs with the Ikeda genotype. qPCR revealed that the Chitose genotype (particularly Chitose A), undergoes temporal switching in conjunction with the Ikeda genotype and contributes substantially to the overall parasite burden. The benign Buffeli genotype can also undergo temporal switching but levels of this genotype appear to remain low relative to the Ikeda and Chitose types. Interplay between vector and host immunological factors is presumed to be critical to the population dynamics observed in this study. Genotypic switching likely contributes to the persistence of T. orientalis in the host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

Jenkins

Micallef

Alex

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Furthermore, the high dissimilarity value and failure to cluster together with the rest of H. hystricis could be attributed to the absence of this species recorded in Malaysia and limited representation of their sequence in GenBank and BOLD. Haemaphysalis humerosa ticks have been reported mainly from Australia and can transmit Q fever (Stewart et al 1987; Hammer et al 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic identification of hard ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

2017

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Morphotaxonomy based on phenotypic traits of immature hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) is a skill challenge and has prompted many inexperienced acarologists to adopt DNA-based methods for identifying and discriminating the species. The aim of this study is therefore to utilize COI gene for verifying the morphological status of Haemaphysalis ticks in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 19 on-host ticks collected from four localities were first identified using specific illustrated taxonomic keys that lead to the genus of Haemaphysalis. Genotypic traits of tick species were then verified molecularly based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Clustering analysis was carried out by constructing a phylogenetic tree to determine the genetic variation and diversity of local Haemaphysalis ticks. Based on external morphological characterizations, all immature ticks were successfully identified down to the genus level only. Molecular analysis of the genotypic using COI gene revealed 16 individuals (84%) as Haemaphysalis hystricis, and three individuals as H. humerosa with sequence homology of 97–99 and 86–87%, respectively. Haemaphysalis hystricis were clustered in their respective monophyletic group in the phylogeny trees with a bootstrap of 100%. Furthermore, a low intraspecific variation (<0.3%) was observed among Malaysian H. hystricis but high interspecific value (>15%) recorded. This study morphologically and molecularly confirms the presence of H. hystricis in Malaysia and the findings will add value to the existing knowledge in identification of ticks in this country.

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“…Theileria orientalis is an intra‐erythrocytic, arthropod‐borne protozoan parasite of cattle that is non‐lymphoproliferative . In Australia, Haemaphysalis ticks can act as vectors for the parasite, but the full range of vectors responsible for spreading the disease have not been completely elucidated …”

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confidence: 99%

“…T heileria orientalis is an intra-erythrocytic, arthropod-borne protozoan parasite of cattle that is non-lymphoproliferative. 1,2 In Australia, Haemaphysalis ticks can act as vectors for the parasite, 3,4 but the full range of vectors responsible for spreading the disease have not been completely elucidated. 1 It has been present in Australia since the early 1900s 1 and is suspected to have been brought in with H. longicornis in straw and packaging materials being imported from Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Theileria orientalis types in beef cattle herds on the North Coast of New South Wales

et al. 2016

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Haemaphysalis humerosa, not H. longicornis, is the likely vector of Theileria buffeli in Australia

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

Phenotypic and genotypic identification of hard ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Prevalence of Theileria orientalis types in beef cattle herds on the North Coast of New South Wales

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