Haematogones in the peripheral blood of adults: a four‐colour flow cytometry study of 102 patients

Kroft, Steven H.; Asplund, Sheryl L.; McKenna, Robert W.; Karandikar, Nitin J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05011.x

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Hematogones in the blood of adults are predominantly or exclusively at the most mature maturational stage and are positively correlated with the number of blood mature, polytypic Blymphocytes [18]. TdT positive B-cell precursors populate fetal lymph nodes of mid-term (16th to 22nd week) fetuses and small numbers of cells ( 5 1%) expressing TdT and B cell associated antigens have been reported in reactive lymph nodes from children [19,20].…”

Section: Morphologic Features and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The cells in which CD10 is completely down regulated are considered mature B-lymphocytes. The stage of appearance of surface immunoglobulin is variable among individual cells, occurring from shortly before to shortly after acquisition of a high level of CD20 expression [18,28]. Asynchronous expression of the earliest and latest antigens, e.g.…”

Section: Immunophenotypic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematogones (B-Lymphocyte Precursors) and Neoplastic Lymphoblasts by 4-Color Flow Cytometry

McKenna

Asplund

Kroft

2004

Leukemia & Lymphoma

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Hematogones are identified by 4-color flow cytometry in most bone marrow specimens. They are more commonly found and are generally present in higher numbers in children. There is a general decline in hematogones with increasing age but a broad range exists at all ages and marrow from some adults contains relatively high numbers. They are often increased (> 5%) in regenerating marrow and in some clinical conditions, particularly various types of cytopenias and neoplastic diseases. Hematogones may morphologically resemble the neoplastic lymphoblasts of precursor B ALL and their immunophenotype also has features in common with neoplastic lymphoblasts. Distinguishing hematogones from neoplastic lymphoblasts may be problematic in post-chemotherapy and post-bone marrow transplant regenerating marrow. With 4-color flow cytometry using optimal antibody combinations the distinction can nearly always be made. Hematogone populations always exhibit a continuous and complete maturation spectrum of antigen expression typical of the normal evolution of B-lineage precursors; they lack aberrant or asynchronous antigen expression. The neoplastic lymphoblasts in precursor B ALL deviate from the normal B-lineage maturation spectrum and exhibit maturation arrest and over-, under-, and asynchronous expression of antigens observed on normal B-cell precursors and they often aberrantly express myeloid-associated antigens.

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Section: Morphologic Features and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Immunophenotypic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematogones (B-Lymphocyte Precursors) and Neoplastic Lymphoblasts by 4-Color Flow Cytometry

McKenna

Asplund

Kroft

2004

Leukemia & Lymphoma

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“…10 The events were acquired using CELLQUEST software and analyzed by cluster analysis using Paint-A-Gate software (Beckman Dickinson). The following surface and cytoplasmic antigens were examined: CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD30, CD38, CD45, CD45RO, CD71, FMC-7, HLA-DR, surface kappa, surface lambda, cytoplasmic kappa, and cytoplasmic lambda.…”

Section: Multiparameter Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Notch1 in primary effusion lymphoma: a clinicopathological study

Wang¹,

Fuda²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Modern Pathology

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“…Because hematogones gradually decrease with age, they comprise about 7% of marrow * Corresponding author, e-mail: CCOSUOJI@hsc.wvu.edu nucleated cells in children and about 1% of nucleated cells in adults [1], To our knowledge, the presence of hematogones in the peripheral blood of children has not been previously reported, except in the cord blood and in neonates [2,3]. Ten years ago, hematogones in the mostmature maturational stage were detected in the peripheral blood of 65% of adult patients, ranging from 0.01% to 1.3% of white blood cell (WBC) counts, with a median of 0.06% and a mean of 0.13% [4], Congenital cyclic neutropenia is a well-defined entity caused by a mutation of a gene for neutrophilic chymotryptic serine enzyme (elastase)-elastase, neutro phil expressed {ELANE)-located on chromosome arm 19pl3.3. The ELANE gene was previously called ELA2 gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hematogones in the Peripheral Blood of a 5½-Month-Old Boy with Cyclic Neutropenia Due to Heterozygous, Novel ELANE Gene Mutation p.Q97P, c.290 A>C

et al. 2014

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We have identified a novel point mutation in the ELANE gene of a 5.5-month-old boy with severe cyclic neutropenia, and we are reporting for the first time, to our knowledge, the presence of hematogones in the peripheral blood of an infant. The novel point mutation occurred at base number 290 in codon 97, where adenine was replaced with cytosine. The mutation caused the replacement of amino acid glutamine with amino acid proline in the activation domain of the elastase 2 enzyme. The heterozygous mutation generated severe cyclic neutropenia, granulocytic maturation arrest, an increased number of hematogones (26% of marrow cells) in the bone marrow, an absence of neutrophils, and the presence of stage 3 (mature) hematogones in the peripheral blood. The percentage of hematogones in the peripheral blood was inversely proportional to the absolute number of neutrophils. Leukemic number of blast-like cells (hematogones) in the bone marrow, blast-like cells in the peripheral blood, marked neutropenia, and the arrest of granulopoiesis might suggest an acute leukemia. However, the finding of characteristic flow cytometric features of hematogones should help to avoid a wrong diagnosis.

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Haematogones in the peripheral blood of adults: a four‐colour flow cytometry study of 102 patients

Abstract: exclusively to the most mature maturational stage. These findings have implications for PB analysis of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and follicular lymphoma.

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematogones (B-Lymphocyte Precursors) and Neoplastic Lymphoblasts by 4-Color Flow Cytometry

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematogones (B-Lymphocyte Precursors) and Neoplastic Lymphoblasts by 4-Color Flow Cytometry

Notch1 in primary effusion lymphoma: a clinicopathological study

Hematogones in the Peripheral Blood of a 5½-Month-Old Boy with Cyclic Neutropenia Due to Heterozygous, Novel ELANE Gene Mutation p.Q97P, c.290 A>C

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