Haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs

Abstract

Dehydration results in alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs. A total of 109 samples obtained from different breeds of dogs were used for this study. The degrees/grades of dehydration of each dog were recorded and the dogs were grouped as follows based on their degrees of dehydration: A; euhydrated, B; mildly dehydrated, C; moderately dehydrated and D; severely dehydrated. Whole blood was collected via cephalic venipuncture for complete blood counts. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and anion gap (AG) as well as serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using serum prepared from whole blood. Urinalysis was done using fresh urine sample. Significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (P < 0.05) due to dehydration was observed in B, while significantly lower PCV and Hb (P > 0.05) were reported in C and D. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in B, C, D compared to A. However, the concentrations of glucose, calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphorus, bicarbonate and anion gap and the activities of liver enzymes were comparable (P > 0.05). It was concluded from this study that: the relative increases in PCV and Hb concentration observed in B was due to haemoconcentration (dehydration), the reported anaemia in C and D were in existence with certain degrees of dehydration and that the increases in serum urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were consistent biochemical indicators of dehydration in dogs.

Early Detection of Renal Damage Using Kidney Injury Molecule -1 (KIM-1) In Dogs Associated with Dehydration

“…Non-significant elevation in packed cell volume (PCV) in association with significant elevation in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were recorded in dehydrated dogs, the finding of this work were consistent with other reports P value ≤0.05 is considered significant [15] where there was no significant difference in PCV between euhydrated dogs and severely dehydrated one. Meanwhile, significantly higher MCV values was observed between this groups and these findings were attributed to dehydration ratio.…”

Alterations of Serum Biochemical and Urinary Parameters in a Canine Population before and after Intravenous Contrast Administration

“…In addition, dehydration could have contributed to SDMA changes. Indeed, if dehydration results in a prerenal azotemia reflecting a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate, then SDMA should also increase, along with serum albumin, total protein, urea, and creatinine concentrations [ 48 ]. In a study that included different types of human hematological malignancies, asymmetrical dimethylated arginine but not SDMA was shown to have significantly increased the concentration in the population with malignancies compared with the control group [ 49 ].…”

Haematological, Oxidative Stress and Trace Elements Variations Associated with Emaciation in Pre-Slaughter White Fulani Cows

“…Previous reports have shown a strong association between emaciation and anemia (Igbokwe et al, 2012), who found almost 37% of sampled emaciated animals to have anemia and even in nonemaciated animals, so the results from the present study, where no animal (including emaciated) had anemia (PCV below 24%) was a deviation. This discrepancy may be due to various degrees of dehydration in sampled animals which confounded the detection of anemia (Atata et al, 2018).…”