Haematological Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Kims Hospital, Hubballi

Abstract

BACKGROUNDChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. It encompasses a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 1 Globally there has been an increase in the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. India in particular, faces a major burden of managing the end stage renal disease patients. Anaemia is an almost invariable manifestation of chronic kidney disease, often contributing substantially to the morbidity and mortality of the condition. 2 Anaemia is a common finding in CKD patients, this is probably because of inhibition of erythropoiesis by uremic inhibitors. The present study is an attempt at comprehensive review of red blood cell (RBC), leukocyte and platelet profiles to assess their significance in CKD as there are no extensive studies in Indian literature. The objectives of this study were 1. to observe haematological parameters and 2. to assess the clinico-haematological correlation in patients with chronic kidney disease in KIMS, Hubballi. MATERIALS AND METHODS108 patients with chronic kidney disease were selected irrespective of their sex, clinical profile, aetiology and were subjected to a series of biochemical and haematological investigations. RESULTSThe commonest causes of chronic kidney disease in this study were hypertension (50.9%) and diabetes mellitus (45.4%). Most patients presented with features of Anaemia (94.4%). 88% of the patients had normocytic normochromic anaemia. Thrombocytopenia was found in 44.4% of the patients. A raised ESR was found in 70.4% and a decreased PCV was seen in 79.6% of CKD patients. CONCLUSIONAnaemia is the most common haematological abnormality noted. The severity of Anaemia correlates with the degree of azotaemia and stage of CKD. The most common type is normocytic normochromic anaemia.