Haematology and serum biochemical alteration in stress induced Equine Theileriosis. A case report

Takeet, M. I.; Adeleye, Adenike; Adebayo, O. O.; Akande, Foluke Adedayo

doi:10.4314/swj.v4i2.51840

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is physiologically expected that fewer RBCs should hemolyze at higher saline concentrations (0.9%), but in this case, more RBCs were still hemolyzed at this concentration, suggesting that the RBC membrane was compromised by the effect of the blood pathogens. Additionally, the EOF curves exhibited a rightward shift, and this further confirmed the increased instability of the red blood cell membrane induced by blood pathogens [ 84 ]. In general, blood pathogens induce structural, biochemical, and functional damage to the erythrocyte membrane (degradation of the membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids) and make them vulnerable to reactive oxygen species and susceptible to hemolysis [ 8 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Serious disease outbreaks in cattle are usually associated with blood pathogens. This study aims to detect blood pathogens namely Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and Trypanosoma evansi, and determine their phylogenetic relationships and haemato-biochemical abnormalities in naturally infected cattle. Methods Molecular analysis was achieved by PCR amplification and sequencing of PCR amplicons of 18SrRNA gene of Theileria species, 16SrRNA genes of Anaplasma and Mycoplasma species, MPSP genes of T. orientalis and T. sinensis, MSP4 gene of A. marginale, 16SrRNA gene of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, and RoTat1.2 VSG gene of Trypanosoma evansi, in sixty-one (61) clinically ill Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle in Pahang, Malaysia. Results A total of 44 (72.13%) cattle were infected with more than one blood pathogen. Theileria species was the blood pathogen with the highest molecular detection rate (72.13, 95% CI 59.83–81.81%). Nucleotide blast analyses of all sequences demonstrated high degree of molecular similarity (98–100%) in comparison with their respective reference sequences. Analysis of 18SrRNA gene sequences of Theileria species and 16SrRNA gene sequences of Anaplasma species revealed Theileria sinensis and Anaplasma platys respectively as additional species detected in these cattle. MPSP-PCR analysis was conducted for further confirmation of T. sinensis. The blood picture of eight infected cattle groups revealed poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, rouleaux formation and degenerative left shift. High mean erythrocyte fragility values were common in infected cattle groups. Anaemia of the macrocytic normochromic type and spherocytes were observed in the T. evansi and Anaplasma platys + Theileria sinensis double species co-infected cattle group. Normocytic normochromic anaemia was observed in the T. sinensis infected cattle group. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in serum liver and kidney parameters, total protein, globulin, total and unconjugated bilirubin and decreased albumin values were observed in the T. evansi infected cattle when compared to clinically healthy cattle. Conclusion We present the first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia (TSABA) in Malaysian cattle. Because of the high occurrence of bovine theileriosis and detection of A. platys, there is an urgent need for appropriate preventive and control measures against these blood pathogens.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…T. equi infections lead to a carrier state with low parasitemia that is unlikely to be identified in a blood smear or even by PCR testing [ 11 , 26 ]. This highlights the importance of increasing the sensitivity of direct parasite detection by performing repeated blood smears and PCR tests [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute illness can develop to a subacute form with weight loss, intermittent fever, and peripheral edema. In chronically T. equi -infected horses, clinical signs are usually non-specific and mild but persistent with a gradual loss of condition and body mass [ 1 ], and recurrence of clinical symptoms can be noted after intense stress [ 11 ]. Systemic complications, such as colic, diarrhea, pulmonary edema, and even neurological deficits are reported, but not common [ 1 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 23-year-old pregnant warmblood mare from Güssing, Eastern Austria, presented with apathy, anemia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and a severely elevated serum amyloid A concentration. The horse had a poor body condition and showed thoracic and pericardial effusions, and later dependent edema and icteric mucous membranes. Blood smear and molecular analyses revealed an infection with Theileria equi. Upon treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, the mare improved clinically, parasites were undetectable in blood smears, and 19 days after hospitalization the horse was discharged from hospital. However, 89 days after first hospitalization, the mare again presented to the hospital with an abortion, and the spleen of the aborted fetus was also PCR-positive for T. equi. On the pasture, where the horse had grazed, different developmental stages of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected and subjected to PCR, and one engorged specimen was positive for T. equi. All three amplicon sequences were identical (T. equi genotype E). It is suspected that T. equi may repeatedly be transmitted in the area where the infected mare had grazed, and it could be shown that transmission to the fetus had occurred. Due to the chronic nature of equine theileriosis and the possible health implications of infection, it is advised to include this disease in the panel of differential diagnoses in horses with relevant clinical signs, including horses without travel disease, and to be aware of iatrogenic transmission from inapparent carrier animals.

show abstract

“…Clinicopathological findings associated with equine theilerosis include an increase in serum urea nitrogen, globulin, lactate and fibrinogen, decrease in serum conjugated bilirubin and iron, increase in serum total protein and bile acid, decrease in serum glucose, increase in sodium electrolyte and a decrease in organic phosphate, macrocytic normochromic anemia and lymphopenia (Takeet et al, 2009).…”

Section: Equine Piroplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematology and Clinical Biochemistry Findings Associated with Equine Diseases - a Review

Agina

2017

Not Sci Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The course and outcome of a disease process is dependent upon factors such as the disease-causing agent and its cell tropism, defense mechanisms of the host, genetic resistance of the species or breed affected, as well as the age, nutritional status and hormonal levels of the affected animal. When haematology, clinical biochemistry and cytology test results are combined with other laboratory procedures, complete physical examination and also with the history of the patient, a veterinarian is well armed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, make a certain prognosis (good, poor or guarded) and can also make a concluding statement on the efficacy of the instituted therapy. In clinical biochemistry, demonstration of specific enzyme activity and concentration of analytes in serum/plasma facilitates the disease diagnosis. Also, evaluation of haematology, clinical biochemistry and diagnostic cytology tests can help establish the presence or absence of diseases of internal organs, and by serial performance of these tests, may help to determine whether a disease process remains static, progressive or regressive. This review therefore provides the haematological, serum biochemical and cytological characteristics of diseases caused by the main bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, nutritional deficiencies, endocrine disturbances, neoplasm, allergy, toxins (phytoxins and zootoxins) and inorganic poisons in horses.

show abstract

Haematology and serum biochemical alteration in stress induced Equine Theileriosis. A case report

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle

Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle

First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria

Haematology and Clinical Biochemistry Findings Associated with Equine Diseases - a Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About