Haematuria and Renal Fornical Lesions

Benign lateralizing haematuria: the impact of upper tract endoscopy

“…Endoscopic treatment is the mainstay of the management for BLH [69–72] and should be differentiated from retrograde treatments that include lavage of the renal pelvis with contrast medium, methylene blue or adrenaline [55,57], and tamponade of the upper tract with occluded ureteric catheters or balloon catheters designed for ureteric dilation [79,80].…”

Doppler sonographic indices in diagnosing the nutcracker phenomenon in a hematuric adolescent

“…2 The hematuria accompanying NCP is sometimes associated with proteinuria [7][8][9] and may result from increased pressure on the LRV, causing microruptures of thin-walled veins into the renal collecting system or the caliceal fornix or communication between dilated venous sinuses and adjacent renal calyces. 8,10 Because the hematuria caused by NCP is nonglomerular, erythrocytes in the urine are isomorphic on phase-contrast microscopic examination. 7 The pathophysiologic cause of NCP is unknown.…”

Loin pain hematuria syndrome

“…first described the condition in 1967 [ 1 ], several hypotheses have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of LPHS. These include vascular disease of the kidney, complement activation on arterioles [ 12 , 13 ], coagulopathy [ 14 ], venocalyceal fistula [ 15 ], abnormal ureteral peristalsis [ 16 ], hypersensitivity [ 12 ], psychopathology [ 17 , 18 ], intratubular deposition of calcium [ 2 , 15 , 19 , 20 ] and nephritis [ 16 , 17 ]. Of these, nephritis (usually IgA) is the only one documented [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…A variety of conditions are often on the differential for patients with LPHS. These include ureteral obstruction [ 34 ], malignancy [ 35 , 36 ], pyelonephritis, benign masses, recurrent renal thromboembolism, IgA nephropathy [ 37 ], arteriovenous fistula [ 15 ] or nutcracker syndrome.…”