Haematuria in Sport: A Review

Akiboye, Richard Deji; Sharma, Divya

doi:10.1016/j.euf.2018.02.008

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The increased risk of ID and iron deficiency anemia in athletes is thought to be due to factors, such as foot-strike induced hemolysis, insufficient dietary intake, increased iron losses, and suppressed intestinal iron absorption caused by inflammation [19][20][21][22]. Ferritin is the cellular storage protein for iron, and circulating levels are generally considered reflective of total body iron stores [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on Iron Status and Physical Performance in Female Iron-Deficient Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Combs³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Iron is an essential micronutrient for oxygen transport and mitochondrial metabolism and is critical for physical performance. Compromised iron stores are more commonly found among athletes, and females are especially at risk. Iron deficiency is generally treated using oral iron supplements. However, only a small proportion of ingested iron is absorbed, necessitating higher intakes, which may result in adverse side effects, reduced compliance, and inefficient repletion of iron stores. The probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) significantly increases intestinal iron absorption in meal studies. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of 20 mg of iron with or without Lp299v on iron status, mood state, and physical performance. Fifty-three healthy non-anemic female athletes with low iron stores (ferritin < 30 μg/L) were randomized, and 39 completed the study. Intake of Lp299v with iron for four weeks increased ferritin levels more than iron alone (13.6 vs. 8.2 µg/L), but the difference between the groups was not significant (p = 0.056). The mean reticulocyte hemoglobin content increased after intake of Lp299v compared to control (1.5 vs. 0.82 pg) after 12 weeks, but the difference between the group was not significant (p = 0.083). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire showed increased vigor with Lp299v vs. iron alone after 12 weeks (3.5 vs. 0.1, p = 0.015). No conclusive effects on physical performance were observed. In conclusion, Lp299v, together with 20 mg of iron, could result in a more substantial and rapid improvement in iron status and improved vigor compared to 20 mg of iron alone. A larger clinical trial is needed to further explore these findings as well as the impact of Lp299v on physical performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on Iron Status and Physical Performance in Female Iron-Deficient Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Axling

Önning

Combs³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…The potential mechanisms of renal injury, demonstrated by hematuria, leukocyturia, and creatinine levels are tract trauma, hypoxic renal injury and ischemia, release of a hemolysing factor during exercise, dehydration, products of hemolysis, myoglobinuria release, and peroxidation of red blood cells (Bellinghieri et al., 2008; Akiboye and Sharma, 2018). In our study, we also observed a higher percentage of runners with impairment of hemolysis metabolites and myoglobinuria with the RR genotype compared to those with the XX genotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, we also observed a higher percentage of runners with impairment of hemolysis metabolites and myoglobinuria with the RR genotype compared to those with the XX genotype. Hematuria also could be attributed to bladder trauma, foot strike, presence of dysmorphic red blood cells, acidosis, and hypoxia-related glomerular injury (Bellinghieri et al., 2008; Shephard, 2016; Grygorczyk and Orlov, 2017; Akiboye and Sharma, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Hematological Parameters and Iron Metabolism Response After Marathon Race and ACTN3 Genotype

et al. 2019

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α-Actinin-3 ( ACTN3 R577X, rs.1815739) polymorphism is a genetic variation that shows the most consistent influence on metabolic pathway and muscle phenotype. XX genotype is associated with higher metabolic efficiency of skeletal muscle; however, the role of ACTN3 polymorphism in oxygen transport and utilization system has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of ACTN3 polymorphisms on hematological and iron metabolism response induced by marathon race. Eighty-one Brazilian amateur male endurance runners participated in the study. Blood samples and urine were collected before; immediately after; and 1, 3, and 15 days after the marathon race. Urine, hematological parameters, iron metabolism, and ACTN3 genotyping analyses were performed. The marathon race induced a decrease in erythrocytes, Hb, and Ht, and an increase in hematuria, creatinine, myoglobin, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, direct and indirect bilirubin and erythropoietin. Moreover, an elevation immediately or 1 day after the marathon race follows a reduction 3 or 15 days after the marathon race were observed on transferrin saturation and iron and transferrin levels. Hematological parameters and iron metabolism changes induced by marathon race were not observed in XX genotypes. Hematuria and decreased erythrocytes, Hb, Ht, and iron and transferrin levels were observed only in RR and/or RX genotypes but not in XX genotypes. The percentage of runners with hematuria, leukocyturia, iron deficiency, creatinine, myoglobin, and bilirubin imbalance was higher in RR compared to XX genotypes. ACTN3 polymorphism is associated with iron metabolism and hematological responses after endurance exercise. Despite these results being based on a small sample, they highlight a protective role of the XX genotype on hematological and renal changes induced by long-distance exercise. Therefore, these findings should be further replicated.

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“…The more trauma involved in the exercise, the greater the risk of haematuria, but even non‐contact athletes such as rowers, can have the same problem. It is not found in sedentary stressful activities such as taking exams . When such a cause of NVH is suspected, retesting the urine at least 48 hours after exercise is appropriate.…”

Section: How Was the Haematuria Found?mentioning

confidence: 99%