Haemoglobin Types and Blood Serum Factors in British Guiana Indians

New studies on the Macushi Indians of northern Brazil

“…As an example of this tendency, it can be seen that Guariba, the most easternly community, shows the lowest gene frequency, considering the six populations, in eight instances :(alleles L Ms pl, R e, R z, Fya, Di ~, Gc 1 and GALTD); while Cont~to (the most westernly) shows such lowest frequencies only once (Gmag). As for the Macushi weighted averages, they show good agreement with the previous blood group and haptoglobin investigations of Layrisse et al (1963), Arends and Gallango (1965) and Matson et al (1968). Exceptions are the L Ms p1, R 1, L e a and J k a frequencies, in which differences higher than 10% were found.…”

“…First hostile a m o n g themselves, they n o w live on good terms, sometimes forming mixed villages. The first genetic studies a m o n g them were performed by Layrisse, Layrisse and Wilbert (1963), Arends and Gallango (1965), Layrisse and Wilbert (1966) and Matson, Sutton, Pessoa, Swanson a n d Robinson (1968). Subsequently, Neel, Tanis, Migliazza, Spielman, Salzano, Oliver, Morrow and Bachofer (1977 a), Neel, Gershowitz, Spielman, Migliazza, Salzano a n d Oliver (1977b) and Salzano, Callegari-Jacques and Neel (1980) carried out more extensive studies which, inter alia, revealed a 'private' genetic polymorphism of E S A in rather high frequency in the Macushi and an adjacent tribe, the Wapishana, with no clear evidence of the tribe of origin.…”

Gamma-ray titrations using potentiometric end point detection

“…For either AorB the time required to reach the end point would be proportional to uranium concentration. If the uranium is oxidized by mechanism B, the time required to oxidize a given concentration of uranium(IV) should be twice that required to oxidize the same molar concentration of iron(II) [2 iron(III) react with one uranium(IV)], because the time depends on the kinetics of the oxidation of iron(II) by radiolytic products. The time required to oxidize uranium(IV) by mechanism A would depend on the kinetics for oxidation of uranium(IV) by radiolytic products and would have no theoretical relationship to the time required to oxidize an equal concentration of iron(II).…”

“…Chemical dosimeters in which radiation dosage is measured by the quantity of product formed by a radiation-induced chemical reaction have been in use for many years (1,2). The reverse process in which the concentration of a reagent is determined by measuring the radiation dosage required to cause it to react completely has found limited use in analytical chemistry.…”

Electrophoresis

“…By electrophoresis in combination with other methods, many new hemoglobin variants have been discovered (106, 675,676,714,893,959,1041,1117,1287,1311, I4I8, 1419,1581,2002,2041,2044,2074,2153,2342,2371,2444)• Fetal hemoglobin (383,1139,1516,2046) and the hemoglobins of Heinz-body anemia (467) and thalassemia (46,72,151,711,1170,1411,2142) have been investigated extensively. There are studies of hemoglobin distribution according to nationality (73,2043,2174)• Minor concentrations of variant hemoglobin occur even in normal blood (47, 48, 255, 965, 2302); one individual has four major hemoglobins (1818). Hemoglobins H and Bart's are not bound by haptoglobins (1593).…”