Haemolytic activity of the alpha and theta toxins of<i>Clostridium welchii</i>

Schulze, J.; Nakamura, Mitsuru

doi:10.1017/s0022172400041541

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Canada & Strong (18) reported that C. perfringens appeared in the livers and feces of germ free mice force-fed with this organism. Schulze, Nakamura & J utila (164) observed an interesting phenomenon. Germ-free mice that were force-fed C.…”

Section: Experimental Models In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The measurement of enzymatic degradation products of lecithin is highly quantitative ( (15) assayed the toxin by determining the amount of hemoglobin released from hemolyzed erythrocytes. This is an easily measurable event (79,161,163) but it is less quantifiable than some of the other methods.…”

Section: Alpha Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, they suggcsted that there may not be the clear distinction between the two types of hemolysis. They (Schulze & Nakamura,163) proposed that different active groups present on the alpha toxin moiety may be responsible for both the partial and complete hemolysis.…”

Section: Factors That Affect Alpha Toxin Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning

M¹,

Schulze²

1970

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Section: Experimental Models In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Alpha Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning

M¹,

Schulze²

1970

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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“…The toxin has been found to split other phospholipids (sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine) as well (21,23). The toxin is known to be hemolytic (19,24,44), dermonecrotic (49), and lethal (49). The hemolytic activity of alpha-toxin is observed by incubating the toxin with sheep erythrocytes at 37°C and then chilling the preparation to below 10°C (the phenomenon of hot-cold hemolysis) (47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for coupling of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin-induced hemolysis to stimulated phosphatidic acid formation in rabbit erythrocytes

1993

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When rabbit erythrocytes were exposed to low concentrations of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, hot-cold hemolysis was observed. The toxin induced production of phosphatidic acid (PA) in a dose-dependent manner when incubated with erythrocytes at 37rC. When erythrocyte membranes were incubated with the toxin and ['y32P]ATP in the presence or absence of ethanol, [32PJPA formation was maximal within 30 s, then sharply decreased, and began again after 5 min of incubation. Ethanol had no effect on the early appearance (at -5 min) of PA formation induced by the toxin but significantly inhibited formation of PA over 10 min of incubation. Treatment of erythrocyte membranes with alpha-toxin resulted in the biphasic formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol and PA as well as an increase of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1P3) and decrease of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) within 30 s. Neomycin inhibited the toxin-induced increase in turbidity of egg yolk suspensions but did not inhibit the toxin-induced hemolysis of intact erythrocytes. On the other hand, neomycin inhibited the toxin-induced hemolysis of saponin-treated erythrocytes. In addition, neomycin inhibited PA formation induced by the toxin in erythrocyte membranes. IP3 was released by incubation of PIP2 with erythrocyte membranes but not by incubation of PIP2 with the toxin. The toxin stimulated the membrane-induced release of IP3 from PIP2. These data suggest that the toxin-induced hemolysis is dependent on the action of phospholipase C in erythrocyte membranes.

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Experimental gas gangrene with food-poisoning Clostridium perfringens type A

Hauschild¹,

Thatcher²

1968

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Classical and food-poisoning strains of Clostridium perfringens type A were tested for their capacity to produce gas gangrene in guinea pigs.The virulence of food-poisoning strains producing heat-sensitive spores and showing beta hemolysis on sheep-blood agar was comparable to that of the classical strains. The most virulent strains of both groups produced fatal infection with only three to five vegetative cells. Of 13 food-poisoning, heat-sensitive strains showing no beta hemolysis, only three were lethal when a minimum of 4 X 104 to 4 X 10s cells was injected. None of the food-poisoning, heat-resistant strains produced fatal infection with cell numbers up to 4 X 10s. The groups of strains showed a correlation between virulence and formation of alpha toxin in liquid culture.It is concluded that a number of heat-sensitive, beta-hemolytic strains of C. perfringens may cause gas gangrene as well as food poisoning, and that the current subdivision of C. perfringens type A strains into classical and food-poisoning groups is no longer tenable.

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Haemolytic activity of the alpha and theta toxins ofClostridium welchii

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning

Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning

Evidence for coupling of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin-induced hemolysis to stimulated phosphatidic acid formation in rabbit erythrocytes

Experimental gas gangrene with food-poisoning Clostridium perfringens type A

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