Haemolytic anaemia in cattle in NSW associated with <i>Theileria</i> infections

Izzo, MM; Poe, I; Horadagoda, N. U.; Vos, Aj. De.; House, John K.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00540.x

Cited by 98 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…The cause laboratory analysis. The presenting clinical signs in of anaemia in other seven cattle could not be anaemic cattle were depression (n=32), pale mucous established and may be attributed to dietary factors membranes (n=26), dehydration (n=11), sub normal [13]. The clinical signs in present study were similar to temperature (n=7) and rough body coat (n=5 Table-1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Etiology and haemato-biochemical alterations in cattle of Jammu suffering from anaemia

Singh¹,

Gupta²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Vet World

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Aim: To obtain the clinical appraisal and haemato-biochemical alterations in cattle suffering from anaemia in Jammu division of J&K, India. Materials and Methods:125 cattle were screened for anaemia on the basis of Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Blood samples were taken for estimation of Hb, packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, plasma iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Faecal samples were screened for ova/ cyst and peripheral blood smear was examined for haemoprotozoa. The animals with Hb < 8g/ dl were categorized as anaemic.Results: Out of 125 cattle screened for anaemia, 47 (37.6%) were anaemic. Levels of Hb, PCV, TEC, MCH, MCHC and plasma iron were significantly lower in anaemic cattle than non-anaemic cattle while TIBC was significantly higher. The clinical signs in majority of the anaemic animals were depression, pale mucous membrane, dehydration and rough body coat. Faecal examination revealed parasitic infestation in 25 of those anaemic animals (Trichostrongyloids -16 and Bunostomum-09). Ticks were seen in seven animals, whereas three animals were lice/ flea infested. Peripheral blood smear examination revealed Babesia bigemina infection in five animals. Conclusion:Hb, PCV, Plasma iron and TIBC were significantly altered in the present study and can be used for diagnosis of anaemia in cattle. The major causes of anaemia in this study were endo-and ecto-parasitic infestations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Etiology and haemato-biochemical alterations in cattle of Jammu suffering from anaemia

Singh¹,

Gupta²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Vet World

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“…While T. orientalis has been enzootic to parts of Australia for approximately 100 years, since 2006 there has been a large increase in the number of clinical cases attributed to this parasite (Eamens et al, 2013c;Izzo et al, 2010;Perera et al, 2013). This increase in clinical cases is attributed to the detection of a new genotype in Australia (Ikeda), while previous observations of Theileria in Australian cattle were presumed to be of the benign Buffeli genotype (Kamau et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The major clinical manifestations of the disease are anaemia, jaundice, lethargy, tachycardia and late-term abortion in pregnant animals (Eamens et al, 2013c;Izzo et al, 2010;Kamau et al, 2011). T. orientalis infections can remain subclinical, although stress may cause the disease to recrudesce (Kamau et al, 2011;McFadden et al, 2011) and animals are infected long-term, perhaps for life (Kubota et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

Jenkins

Micallef

Alex

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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In Australia, outbreaks of clinical theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis have been largely associated with the Ikeda genotype which can occur as a sole infection, or more commonly, as a mixture of genotypes. The most prevalent genotype, Chitose, frequently co-occurs with type Ikeda, however the role of this genotype in clinical disease has not been clearly established. Furthermore, the dynamics of individual genotypes in field infection of cattle have not been examined. In this study we developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) and genotyping methods to examine the role of the Chitose genotype in clinical disease and to investigate the temporal dynamics of T. orientalis Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli genotypes in naïve animals introduced to a T. orientalis-endemic area. Analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) genes of Chitose isolates revealed the presence of two distinct phylogenetic clusters, Chitose A and Chitose B. A genotyping assay aimed at determining Chitose A/B allele frequency revealed that the Chitose A phylogenetic cluster is strongly associated with clinical disease but nearly always co-occurs with the Ikeda genotype. qPCR revealed that the Chitose genotype (particularly Chitose A), undergoes temporal switching in conjunction with the Ikeda genotype and contributes substantially to the overall parasite burden. The benign Buffeli genotype can also undergo temporal switching but levels of this genotype appear to remain low relative to the Ikeda and Chitose types. Interplay between vector and host immunological factors is presumed to be critical to the population dynamics observed in this study. Genotypic switching likely contributes to the persistence of T. orientalis in the host.

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“…Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7,8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9)(10)(11)60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8,12,13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12,14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16)(17)(18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16)(17)(18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22). Thus far, four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of T. orientalis have been reported in Australia (13,18,(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

et al. 2015

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bOriental theileriosis is an emerging, tick-borne disease of bovines in the Asia-Pacific region and is caused by one or more genotypes of the Theileria orientalis complex. This study aimed to establish and validate a multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) assay using three distinct markers (major piroplasm surface protein, 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein, and the first internal transcribed spacer of nuclear DNA), for the simultaneous detection and semiquantification of four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex. Analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, and repeatability of the established MT-PCR assay were assessed in a series of experiments. Subsequently, the assay was evaluated using 200 genomic DNA samples collected from cattle from farms on which oriental theileriosis outbreaks had occurred, and 110 samples from a region where no outbreaks had been reported. The results showed the MT-PCR assay specifically and reproducibly detected the expected genotypes (i.e., genotypes Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex, reliably differentiated them, and was able to detect as little as 1 fg of genomic DNA from each genotype. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the MT-PCR were estimated at 94.0% and 98.8%, respectively. The MT-PCR assay established here is a practical and effective diagnostic tool for the four main genotypes of T. orientalis complex in Australia and should assist studies of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of oriental theileriosis in the Asia-Pacific region.T ick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a major threat to livestock production worldwide and can have a significant impact on farming communities due to economic losses (1). Theileriosis is one of the important TBDs of cattle, sheep, and/or other ruminants, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (2). In cattle, East Coast fever (ECF) and Mediterranean/tropical theileriosis are due to Theileria parva and Theileria annulata, respectively, whereas oriental theileriosis is caused by Theileria orientalis. The prevalence of various forms of theileriosis in different parts of the world is dependent on the occurrence of suitable tick vectors for their transmission (3).Oriental theileriosis is caused by one or more genotypes of the T. orientalis complex and is transmitted by ixodid ticks, primarily Haemaphysalis spp. (4-6). Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7, 8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9-11, 60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8, 12, 13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12, 14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15-21). The major clin...

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Haemolytic anaemia in cattle in NSW associated with Theileria infections

Cited by 98 publications

References 18 publications

Etiology and haemato-biochemical alterations in cattle of Jammu suffering from anaemia

Etiology and haemato-biochemical alterations in cattle of Jammu suffering from anaemia

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

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