Haemoparasitism of Goats and Sheep

Stuen, Snorre

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71855-2_17

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…Vector-borne diseases are caused by different groups of pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses transmitted by the bite of arthropods when they feed on the blood of the host. Among these pathogens, some are classified as haemoparasites and are characterised by the invasion of the bloodstream [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia in Sheep Caused by Babesia and Theileria Haemoparasites

Villanueva‐Saz

Borobia

Fernández

et al. 2022

Animals

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Piroplasmoses in sheep are caused by vector-borne apicomplexan protozoa, Babesia and Theileria. Different species are responsible for the disease; some species are more pathogenic than others and have a worldwide distribution. In this sense, these causative agents can cause anaemia in flocks. In general, these vector-borne diseases infect small ruminants and cause host-mediated pathology. In the case of Babesia species, a combination of different mechanisms is involved: red blood cell lysis due to intracellular parasite multiplication, activation of biogenic amines and the coagulation system with the possibility of disseminated intravascular coagulation. By contrast, less information is available on the different immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of anaemia in sheep with theileriosis. However, the mechanisms of pathogenic action in theileriosis are similar to those studied in babesiosis. Diagnosis is based on compatible clinical signs, laboratory findings, specific diagnostic tests and the presence of the tick vector. Some of these tests detect the causative agent itself, such as direct identification by light microscopy and molecular analysis. In contrast, other tests detect the sheep’s immune response to the organism by serology. Both diseases pose a significant diagnostic challenge for veterinary practitioners around the world. This review presents the most frequent clinical signs, pathogenesis and clinicopathological findings, diagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia in Sheep Caused by Babesia and Theileria Haemoparasites

Villanueva‐Saz

Borobia

Fernández

et al. 2022

Animals

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Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in goats in Nigeria using light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction

Happi¹,

Buba²,

Oluniyi³

et al. 2020

Int J Vet Sci Res

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Haemoparasitisms in animals are known to impose substantial economic burdens on owners. In Nigeria, most laboratories utilize only Light Microscopy (LM) for their diagnosis. Hence there is a need to have an update assessment of haemoparasitism of goat in Nigeria using molecular investigation. Using LM, blood samples from a total of 173 goats in Ibadan were screened for haemoparasites and haemocytopathological evaluation. Among them, 126 blood samples were randomly selected and PCR tested for the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia/Theileria spp (B/T) and the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp (A/E), while 91 samples were evaluated for the 16S RNA of hemotropic mycoplasma (hemoplasma). Relationship between the haematological changes and PCR results was evaluated. The PCR detection rate was signifi cantly and more than 4-fold higher compared to LM (61.5% and 14.5%, respectively; P < 0.0001) alone. A total of 150 animals were tested by both methods with 62.7% overall infection proportion. Comparison of LM and PCR analyses showed approximately 50% misdiagnosis of Hemoplasma spp by LM with 82.7% and 100% false negative for A/E and B/T recorded by LM, respectively. The haemoparasites detected by LM were Borrelia spp, Hemoplasma spp, Babesia spp, Anaplasma spp and, Trypanosoma brucei. A total of 34.1%, 23% and, 51.6% samples were positive for B/T, A/E and, hemoplasma, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of some PCR products identifi ed samples with high homology with Anaplasma ovis in the A/E group while the B/T were highly related to Theileria velifera. Sequencing of hemoplasma positive samples identifi ed Mycoplasma ovis, Mycoplasma wenyonii and Pseudomonas fl uorescens. The haematological changes were unspecifi c to infection types and, showed no signifi cant deviation between haemoparasite positive and negative animals. The striking disparity between LM and PCR methods for haemoparasite detection and a larger repertoire of haemoparasites are presented. Borrelia spp, Mycoplasma wenyonii, Pseudomonas fl uorescens and Theileria velifera are newly reported in goat with hemotropic mycoplasma being the most prevalent in Ibadan. Studies geared towards pathogenicity investigation in the unusual host, their diversity and factors of transmission are envisaged for effective prevention and control.

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Haemoparasitism of Goats and Sheep

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

Anaemia in Sheep Caused by Babesia and Theileria Haemoparasites

Anaemia in Sheep Caused by Babesia and Theileria Haemoparasites

Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in goats in Nigeria using light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction

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