Haemophiliac adolescents’ perspectives of resilience: A qualitative study based on the resilience in illness model

Abstract

A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the concept of resilience among Iranian haemophilic adolescents based on the Haase’s Resilience in Illness Model (RIM). Purposive sampling was used to recruit 15 participants comprising haemophilic adolescents and their parents in the study. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed using direct content analysis. The themes and categories were defensive coping (emotive coping, evasive coping), courageous coping (optimism, constructive approach, seeking support), derived meaning (spiritual strategy, hope) and social support (support from family, friends and treatment teams). Social support, adopting a spiritual strategy and self-management behaviours played an important role among the adolescents in improving their level of resilience and skills to cope with haemophilia.

Resilience as a Mediator of the Association between Spirituality and Self-Management among Older People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…The present study found a significant positive correlation between spiritual health and resilience, which is consistent with results in other diseases (depression, spinal cord injury, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder) [ 42 , 44 , 73 ]. In addition, spirituality is often considered an important resilience resource and protective factor that can increase resilience through its impact on relationships, life values, personal meaning, and better coping with stress [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Jones’ study found that spiritual health, a significant predictor of resilience, explained more than half (51%) of the variance in resilience [ 42 ].…”

The relationship between coping strategies and resilience among adolescents with beta‐thalassemia major

“…Contrary to the present study results, Haase et al (2014) in the RIM reported that the perceived support from family, friends, and health providers can be regarded as a significant protective factor. Additionally, previous studies indicated that social support is one of the most important predictors of resilience, high levels of which leads to an increase in resilience as a protective factor (Nourian et al, 2016; Parviniannasab et al, 2020; Thompson et al, 2018; Van der Hallen et al, 2020). This discrepancy can be attributed to the fact that in Iran, the role of family is more prominent than relatives and friends.…”

“…Correspondingly, this correlation was stronger for the optimistic subscale compared with the other variables. Several studies have also shown that optimism was considered as an important aspect of resilience, which had a high correlation with resilience (Nourian et al, 2016; Parviniannasab et al, 2020; Souri & Hasanirad, 2011). The RIM also indicated optimism as an important factor in resilience and as the main component of courageous coping (Haase et al, 2014).…”

“…RIM takes a comprehensive approach based on the process and outcome of resilience among adolescents with chronic diseases, which can be considered as an important step improving the quality of nursing care, health level, and the ability of adolescents with chronic diseases to adapt to their disease (Haase et al, 2014). The literature review on chronic diseases suggests a relationship between coping strategies and resilience (Messinger, 2017; Parviniannasab et al, 2020; Van der Hallen et al, 2020). Although the relationship among coping strategies, resilience, and the role of coping strategies in predicting resilience has been addressed in some previous studies, there is no study on the relationship among coping strategies, resilience, and the role of psychological factors amongst adolescents with thalassemia yet.…”

“…Moreover, resilience is defined as the use of one's ability and capacity to be adapted with adverse conditions (Connor & Davidson, 2003), which can be influenced by several factors (Ungar, 2011). One factor associated with resilience is the way of coping with stress (Parviniannasab et al, 2020; Tehranineshat et al, 2020). Lazarus and Folkman (1984) defined the coping process as cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage external demands (problem‐focused or courageous) and internal demands (emotion‐focused or defensive) (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).…”