Haemophilus influenzae Epididymo-orchitis and Bacteremia in a Man Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract

Haemophilus influenzae is a major bacterial pathogen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although most infections with this organism occur in the respiratory tract. We describe an adult with HIV infection who presented with epididymo-orchitis due to H. influenzae. Eleven prior cases of H. influenzae epididymo-orchitis have been published, but all of these cases occurred in pediatric patients. Little is known about the prevalence of genitourinary tract infections caused by H. influenzae among adults. H. influenzae is a relatively rare cause of bacteremia in adults, but the frequency of H. influenzae bacteremia has been increasing among the HIV-positive population.

Medically managed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteraemia associated with jugular catheter infection in a dog with tetanus

“…37 CT also showed changes compatible with epididymo-orchitis, which has been described in immune-compromised people and has been associated with bacteraemia. [38][39][40] Haematogenous spread of microorganisms to the epididymis and testicles can occur during bacteraemia and cause epididymoorchitis. 41 In dogs, epididymo-orchitis is most often associated with prostatitis 42 and brucellosis 43,44 but it has also been described in dogs diagnosed with rocky mountain spotted fever caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, 45 aspergillosis 46 and autoimmune disease.…”

An unusual case of chronic prostatitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in an elderly Saudi patient: A case report and literature review

“…[ 9 10 ] An adult with HIV infection who presented with epididymo-orchitis and bacteremia due to H. influenzae has been described. [ 12 ] Another report gave an account of Haemophilus parainfluenzae prostatitis in a homosexual man with chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome and human t-lymphotropic virus-III infection. [ 13 ] Aerobic growth of H. influenzae requires two factors: Hemin (X factor) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V factor).…”

Epididymo-orchitis and epididymitis: a review of causes and management of unusual forms

“…In the case of epididymitis caused by H. in¯uenzae a similar presentation occurs. In addition to scrotal pain, there may be scrotal swelling 28 .…”