Haemoptysis and Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Options

Ductal closure with radiofrequency energy: the first in-human report

“…To date, vascular closure has been achieved through surgery and utilisation of various devices. [1][2][3] On the other hand, several authors have reported vascular narrowing as a potential complication of radiofrequency ablation, [4][5][6] with pulmonary venous stricture after pulmonary vein isolation and coronary narrowing after nearby radiofrequency ablation being two salient examples. Given this potential of radiofrequency energy, we successfully used radiofrequency for vascular closure and blood flow restriction in a sheep, 7 and managed to confirm the procedure's safety via pathological examination even after a prolonged high-powered use of the energy.…”