Haemorrhagic shock secondary to a diffuse ulcerative enteritis after Ipilimumab and Nivolumab treatment for metastatic melanoma: a case report

Abstract

We provide a unique case of haemorrhagic shock complicating a corticosteroid-resistant diffuse ulcerative enteritis in a patient treated with a combination of an anti CTLA-4 and an anti PD-1 for metastatic melanoma. Immunotherapy has changed the perspective for the management of patients

Small bowel villous atrophy due to immune-checkpoint inhibitors: report of two cases and literature review

“…In 10 reports (Table 1), VA was present and developed during therapy with PD/ PD-L1 inhibitors for solid tumours. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In the remaining 9 (Table 2), patients developed small bowel involvement other than VA. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Finally, we identified 2 single-centre retrospective case series reporting cases of small bowel involvement. In the first, 2 cases of enteropathy with VA are described and, in the second, 8 cases of coeliac disease associated with ICIs and a further 9 cases of VA related to ICIs with negative tissue transglutaminase antibodies are reported.…”