Haemostatic Abnormalities in Multidrug-Resistant Enteric Fever

Koul, Parvaiz A; Quadri, Mohd Ismail; Wani, Javed Iqbal; Wahid, Abdul; Shaban, Mohd

doi:10.1159/000204083

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…28,29 In this study, the frequency of headache was lower than would have been expected, 19 but was higher than that reported by others. 30 In two prospective studies from India with no children, 31,32 splenomegaly was noted in more than one-third of the patients. However unlike ours study, malaria, which can also result in splenomegaly in the acute stage, 33 was not systematically excluded by appropriate laboratory investigations in those studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of sex on clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever.

Khan

Coovadia²,

Connolly³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever were correlated with sex through a retrospective case note review of 102 hospitalized culture-positive patients in Durban, South Africa. Intestinal perforation (P ϭ 0.04), occult blood losses in stools (P ϭ 0.04), and a mild reticulocytosis in the absence of hemolysis (P ϭ 0.02) occurred more frequently in males than in females. A single pretreatment Widal O antibody titer Ն 1:640 was also a statistically significant occurrence in males (P ϭ 0. 006). Female patients were significantly more severely ill (P ϭ 0.0004) on admission and had chest signs consistent with bronchopneumonia (P ϭ 0.04), transverse myelitis (P ϭ 0.04), abnormal liver function test results (P ϭ 0.0003), and abnormal findings in urinalyses (P ϭ 0.02). Typhoid hepatitis (P ϭ 0.04) and glomerulonephritis (P ϭ 0.02) were present significantly more frequently in females. Whether these differences were due to differences in host's immune response to acute infection need to be determined in a prospective study.Even before the introduction of chloramphenicol in clinical practice, typhoid fever was well recognized as being extremely diverse in its clinical presentation. 1 Classic descriptions of typhoid fever in untreated cases have portrayed a multistage disease, with increasing temperature and bacteremia in the first week; rose spots, abdominal pain, and splenomegaly in the second week; abdominal complications of bleeding and perforation in the third week; and resolution or progression to death after the third week. 2 However, the pattern of disease as seen presently in many parts of the world bears little resemblance to the initial classic description. 3 Certain host-related and microbial factors have been proposed to explain this diversity. 3 It has been previously reported that the patient's age plays an important role in determining the clinical course of typhoid fever. 4 However, the role of the sex of the patient is less emphasized in the literature. On the other hand, we consider it to be an important issue in view of the fact that typhoid fever is increasingly being reported to be more common in women than men in KwaZulu, Natal. 5-7 Therefore, a retrospective study was undertaken to examine the influence of sex in determining the clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective case note review was undertaken of 102 confirmed cases of typhoid fever treated at King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa over a three-year period ending December 31, 1995. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Natal Medical School. Informed consent of the subjects was not required due to the retrospective nature of the study and because no personal identifiers were used. In all of these cases, diagnoses of typhoid fever were confirmed by isolation of Salmonella typhi from the blood. Patients' charts were reviewed for data pertaining to demographic, clinical, and labor...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of sex on clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever.

Khan

Coovadia²,

Connolly³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[66] Haemostatic abnormalities are common in typhoid fever caused by S. typhi, and systemic complications resulting from multidrug-resistant enteric fever are being reported with increasing frequency. [67] Haemostatic abnormalities were studied in 25 patients with multidrug-resistant enteric fever. DIC was present in 84% and protein C activity was low at onset of illness (mean 45.6%), but increased steadily with therapy to 69.6% of normal levels at day 8 (p = 0.05) and 103.0% of normal levels at day 21 (p = 0.001).…”

Section: Gram-negative Infection-induced Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between the Inflammation and Coagulation Pathways in Patients with Severe Sepsis

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In patients with severe sepsis, thrombin has been implicated in the interrelationship between the coagulation and inflammation pathways. Thrombin is responsible for conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin (thrombus formation). Thrombin also activates endothelial cells, white blood cells and platelets. Regulation of both the coagulation and inflammation pathways is in part through the interaction of thrombin and activated protein C. Activated protein C has particular attributes that may inhibit microvascular thrombi, promote fibrinolysis and directly dampen the pro-inflammatory aspect of infection. In patients with severe sepsis, many investigators have demonstrated an active coagulopathic state, with low protein C levels. A phase III clinical trial has now demonstrated reduced mortality in patients with severe sepsis receiving activated protein C.

show abstract

Activation of coagulation and endothelium with concurrent impairment of anticoagulant mechanisms in patients with typhoid fever

Jong

Parry

Vaart

et al. 2018

Journal of Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Haemostatic Abnormalities in Multidrug-Resistant Enteric Fever

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of sex on clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever.

Influence of sex on clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever.

Relationship Between the Inflammation and Coagulation Pathways in Patients with Severe Sepsis

Activation of coagulation and endothelium with concurrent impairment of anticoagulant mechanisms in patients with typhoid fever

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About