Haemostatic chitosan coated gauze: in vitro interaction with human blood and in-vivo effectiveness

Abstract

BackgroundChitosan and its derivates are widely used for biomedical application due to antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue repair induced properties. Chitosan-based materials also used as a haemostatic agent but influence of different molecular weight and concentration of chitosan on biological response of blood cells is still not clear.The aim of this research was to evaluate interaction between human blood cells and various forms of chitosan-based materials with different molecular weight and chitosan concentration and prove their effectiveness on in-vivo model.MethodsWe used chitosan with molecular weight 200, 500 and 700 kDa and deacetylation rate 80-82 %. For chitosan impregnation of gauze chitosan solutions in 1 % acetic acid with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 5 %) were used. We used scanning electron microscopy to obtain information about chitosan distribution on cotton surface; Erythrocyte agglutination test and Complete blood count test – for evaluation of interaction between blood cells and chitosan-based materials with different compound. In-vivo studies was performed in 20 Wistar rats to evaluate effectiveness of new dressing.ResultsOur data shown that chitosan can bind erythrocytes in concentration-depend manner that does not depend on its molecular weight. In addition, chitosan-based materials affect selectively human blood cells. Composition of chitosan with cotton materials does not change erythrocyte shape and does not cause agglutination.ConclusionsСotton-chitosan materials have higher adhesive properties to platelets that depend on molecular weight and concentration of chitosan. These materials also change platelets’ shape that probable is one of the most important mechanisms of haemostatic effect. In-vivo studies have shown high effectiveness of 2 % 200 kDa chitosan for stop bleeding from arteries of large diameter.

Chitosan-Based Bioactive Hemostatic Agents with Antibacterial Properties—Synthesis and Characterization

“…PLT parameters correlate with their number in blood after clotting—the same 95Ch-1Asp:5Glu, 90Ch-1Asp:1Glu, 95Ch-1Asp:1Glu sponges lead to significant MPV and PDW elevation. The results show that proposed biomaterials have higher hemostatic activity when compared to pure chitosan [2].…”

“…Restoration of hemostasis after injury is still an ongoing challenge despite the numerous researches in this area. Massive blood loss can be a consequence of a transport accident or may occur on the battlefield [1,2,3]. Hemorrhage appears also during surgeries and as a result of certain diseases [4,5,6,7].…”

“…Hemorrhage appears also during surgeries and as a result of certain diseases [4,5,6,7]. Despite modern surgical techniques and new hemostatic materials, bleeding is one of the most common causes of death in surgery [2]. Application of traditional dressings with the purpose to stop a hemorrhage is effective only in the case of superficial wounds.…”

“…In ancient times to prevent massive blood loss various natural components were applied, such as herbs, waxes, grease and others. Currently there are a few types of hemostatic agents, such as physical agents, resorbable agents, biological agents, synthetic agents and dressings [1,2]. The most popular ones are biodegradable gelatin and collagen foams, fibrin sealants as well as chitosan granules, sponges and dressings [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].…”

Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida)

“…This will require future comprehensive study, including the following steps: (i) Erythrocyte agglutination test; (ii) blood interaction test; (iii) sorption of blood; and (iv) complete blood count test. Such analyses could examine the effectiveness and the mechanism of sponge chitin interaction with human blood under in vitro and in vivo conditions [69]. Additionally, it is necessary to evaluate biological performance of sponge chitin-based absorbable hemostats, and to compare with reports for cellulose-based materials [70].…”