Hagfish in the New Zealand Fjords Are Supported by Chemoautotrophy of Forest Carbon

McLeod, Rebecca J.; Wing, Stephen R.

doi:10.1890/06-1342

Cited by 73 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…If high b-carotene concentrations occur concurrently with highly elevated zeaxanthin concentrations, the b-carotene is most likely derived from cyanobacteria (Hertzberg et al 1971). The presence of bacterial mats has been noted where major headwaters enter the fjord and it is assumed that they contain cyanobacteria-like bacteria (Brewin 2003;McLeod & Wing 2007). Our pigment analyses would support this assumption, suggesting that cyanobacterial mats occur at the sedimentÁ water interface at the head of the fjord.…”

Section: Benthic Cyanobacterial Matssupporting

confidence: 54%

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Spatial distribution of diatom and pigment sedimentary records in surface sediments in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand

Schüller

Savage

2011

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Algal remains (pigment concentrations, diatom frustules) and organic matter sources (d 15 N, d13 C) in surface sediments (0Á2 cm) were quantified and related to environmental gradients in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. Sedimentary pigment concentrations, in particular diatoxanthin and fucoxanthin (diatom biomarkers) were elevated near Malaspina Reach, which experiences greater incident irradiance and mixing of silica-rich freshwater with nutrient-rich marine water. In contrast, diatom frustules were recovered in low concentrations in deep basins including Malaspina Reach, most likely related to dissolution and grazing. Spatial variability in pigments in Doubtful Sound was mainly correlated with light conditions (incident irradiance, chromophoric dissolved organic matter). By contrast, diatoms were principally correlated with salinity gradients (effective freshwater depth) and water column stratification (mixing). This study highlights the importance of using complementary sedimentary proxies when reconstructing algal abundance and community composition in fjord environments.

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Section: Benthic Cyanobacterial Matssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Moreover, the high forest litter inputs into Deep Cove (Fig. 6) induce hypoxic bottom waters that facilitate chemolithoautotrophic bacteria (McLeod & Wing 2007) and cyanobacterial mats (Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Distinct Algal Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of diatom and pigment sedimentary records in surface sediments in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand

Schüller

Savage

2011

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Subpopulations in these regions also have particularly depressed growth conditions with relatively small asymptotic sizes (Lewis 2008). This pattern is consistent with local conditions at these two extremely inner fjord sites where nutritional inputs to the food web may be dominated by estuarine algae and recycling of forest litter (McLeod & Wing 2007;Wing et al 2008). Isotopic analysis indicates that sea perch from the Only Islands and Shark Cove had d 13 C that is relatively enriched in 13 C, a pattern consistent with large inputs of estuarine algae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Evidence for discrete subpopulations of sea perch (Helicolenus ercoides) across four fjords in Fiordland, New Zealand

Lawton

Wing

Lewis

2010

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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In coastal populations of invertebrates and fishes, the distribution of discrete subpopulations is influenced by adult and larval dispersal, as well as by the effects of habitat heterogeneity on site fidelity or connectivity. Here, we examine evidence for spatial structure of sea perch, Helicolenus percoides, populations among four fjords in the Fiordland region of southwestern New Zealand. We examine patterns in adult morphology, length-at-age, d13 C and d 15N of muscle tissue, and trace elemental composition of whole otoliths as proxies for population isolation among the four inner fjord regions. A multivariate analysis of morphometrics reveals significant differences among populations from each of the four sites, suggesting existence of four distinct subpopulations. These patterns are consistent with observed differences in d 13 C and d 15 N, and length-at-age estimates among the four subpopulations. Differences in whole otolith concentrations of Sr, Ba, Mg and Li, and high classification scores based on the whole otolith elemental fingerprint are also consistent with significant subdivision among areas. Patterns across all four markers are consistent with discrete subpopulation structure of adult sea perch among the four study sites. These data indicate that the newly implemented network of marine protected areas in Fiordland is likely to contain discrete populations of sea perch.

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“…At other sites, slightly more positive values of δ 13 C for 18:1 suggests that this compound likely represents a mix of heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria particularly at Bradshaw Sound; lower abundances of 18:1ω7c for fish from Chalky and Dusky Sounds indicate that this bacterial source forms a smaller dietary component than at inner Doubtful Sound. These conclusions were supported by values of δ 34 S. The values of δ 13 C for 18:1 fatty acids from fish collected in inner Doubtful Sound are consistent with a decomposed forest litter source of carbon (CO 2[aq] ) being fixed by chemoautotrophic bacteria (Scott et al 2004, McLeod & Wing 2007. In this case, the compound specific isotopic analysis of lipids provides an independent test of differences in carbon source pools supporting N. celidotus at altered and unaltered habitats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Harding et al 2004, McLeod & Wing 2007, Hocking & Reimchen 2009. Primary tools for identifying these subsidies have included naturally occurring chemical tracers, such as stable isotope ratios of 13 C/ 12 C and 15 N/ 14 N (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat conversion and species loss alters the composition of carbon sources to benthic communities

McLeod

Wing²,

Davis³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Generalist fishes provide an effective measure of the composition of basal carbon source pools fueling benthic communities, by integrating inputs across major consumer groups. In Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, shallow water invertebrate communities differ from those in other areas in Fiordland due to low salinity caused by freshwater output of a hydroelectric power station. To investigate whether the composition of basal carbon sources supporting this benthic community differed from that in unaltered sites, we sampled a generalist wrasse, Notolabrus celidotus, from altered and unaltered habitats throughout Fiordland, and quantified its δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34 S and the abundance of its fatty acids. N. celidotus from the altered sites in Doubtful Sound had significantly lower δ 13 C, δ 15 N and δ 34 S than those collected from similar habitats throughout the Fiordland region, indicating a higher proportion of chemosynthetically fixed organic matter for Doubtful Sound N. celidotus and the invertebrate community upon which they feed. Relatively high abundances of cis-vaccenic acid (18:1ω7c) in fish from Doubtful Sound and δ 13 C values that were ~-33 ‰ for 18:1 isomers confirmed the incorporation of chemosynthetic bacteria, and indicated that the original source of carbon was forest litter. Despite these differences in carbon supply to N. celidotus, analysis of otolith sections revealed no differences in growth rates among sites. The results of this study demonstrate that a shift in invertebrate composition can be indicated by higher order consumers. In Doubtful Sound, decreased abundance of filter-feeding bivalves has reduced the flux of marine derived carbon through the benthic community to higher trophic levels relative to more pristine sites in Fiordland.KEY WORDS: Notolabrus celidotus · Stable isotopes · Fatty acid biomarkers · Compound specific δ 13 C · Food web Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 411: [127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136] 2010 tures of fish muscle tissue integrate carbon source use by a community over months to years (e.g. Guelinckx et al. 2007, Suring & Wing 2009). We designed a sampling scheme to test whether anthropogenic modifications to the salinity environment in a New Zealand fjord had altered carbon routing in the benthic community. While the marine and terrestrial environments of the 15 fjords in southern New Zealand, collectively known as Fiordland, remain relatively pristine, Doubtful Sound receives an average of 450 m 3 s -1 of freshwater outflow from the Manapouri Hydroelectric Power Station. The resulting persistent shallow low salinity layer (Gibbs et al. 2000) has led to a reduction in the abundance of filter-feeding invertebrates including infaunal clams (Tallis et al. 2004, Rutger & Wing 2006, McLeod & Wing 2008 and mussels (Jack et al. 2009). The decreased biomass of filterfeeding bivalves could dramatically reduce the capture of particulate carbon (from both phytoplankton and eroded macroalg...

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Hagfish in the New Zealand Fjords Are Supported by Chemoautotrophy of Forest Carbon

Cited by 73 publications

References 32 publications

Spatial distribution of diatom and pigment sedimentary records in surface sediments in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand

Spatial distribution of diatom and pigment sedimentary records in surface sediments in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand

Evidence for discrete subpopulations of sea perch (Helicolenus ercoides) across four fjords in Fiordland, New Zealand

Habitat conversion and species loss alters the composition of carbon sources to benthic communities

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