Hair analysis and its concordance with self-report for drug users presenting in emergency department

Sharma, Gaurav; Oden, Neal; VanVeldhuisen, Paul; Bogenschutz, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.007

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although Black participants with SUDs overall had greater odds of providing a hair sample relative to their White counterparts, Black participants reporting prescription opioid dependence with positive hair samples had greater odds of underreporting use compared to their White counterparts. However, Black participants using prescription and street opioid drugs were less likely to overreport use given a negative hair sample than Whites (Sharma, Oden, VanVeldhuisen, & Bogenschutz, 2016). As consistent with other studies (Feucht, Stephens, & Walker, 1994; Ledgerwood, Goldberger, Risk, Lewis, & Price, 2008), these findings suggest that the rates of disagreement between self-report and hair test results are higher among Black individuals and often varies by drug type.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic scoping review of research on Black participants in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.

Montgomery¹,

Burlew²,

Haeny³

et al. 2020

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Black individuals experience a disproportionate burden of substance-related disabilities and premature death relative to other racial/ethnic groups, highlighting the need for additional research. The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN), a research platform for multisite behavioral, pharmacological, and integrated trials designed to evaluate the effectiveness of substance use treatments in community settings with diversified patient populations, provides a wealth of research knowledge on substance use. Although CTN trials have enrolled over 5,000 Black individuals since its inception in 2000, there has been no synthesis of the findings, discussion of the implications, or suggestions for future research for Black individuals. Members of the Minority Interest Group of the CTN conducted a scoping review of published research on Black participants in CTN trials. Studies were included if the sample was more than 75% Black and/or specific findings pertaining to Black participants were reported. The review yielded 50 articles, with studies that mostly focused on baseline characteristics, followed by substance use treatment outcomes, HIV/risky sex behaviors, retention, comorbid conditions and measurement issues. This review highlighted the importance of several issues that are critical to understanding and treating substance misuse among Black people, such as the characteristics of Black people entering treatment, measurement equivalence, and engaging/retaining adolescents and young adults in treatment. There is still a continued need to identify the most effective treatments for Black individuals who use substances. The CTN offers several untapped opportunities to further advance research on Black individuals who use substances (e.g., secondary analyses of publicly available data).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic scoping review of research on Black participants in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.

Montgomery¹,

Burlew²,

Haeny³

et al. 2020

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Notably, urine testing was able to validate over 50% more instances of reported marijuana use than hair testing. Several other studies have also reported low sensitivity in detecting marijuana and/or lower concordance between hair test results and self-reported marijuana use (Gryczynski et al, 2014;Ledgerwood et al, 2008;Musshoff et al, 2006), though Sharma et al (2016) reported 93% agreement between self-reported marijuana use and hair tests (utilizing 90-day window periods). One potential explanation is that infrequent marijuana use (e.g., weekly use or less) is more difficult to detect in hair (Taylor et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A comparison of the utility of urine- and hair testing in detecting self-reported drug use among young adult opioid users

Palamar

Guarino

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Biological testing can used to validate or detect underreported drug use. Since hair testing is increasingly used in survey research, we examined how the utility of hair testing compares to a more common method-urine testing. Methods-532 adults (ages 18-29) reporting past-month heroin use and/or nonmedical prescription opioid use were surveyed about past-month use of various drugs. Participants were urine-tested and the majority (79.9%) provided a hair sample for analysis. We examined the utility of urine vs. hair-testing in detecting past-month use of various drugs. Results-Compared to hair testing, urine testing was able to confirm higher proportions of selfreported use of heroin/opioids (85.5% vs. 80.9%), marijuana (73.9% vs. 22.9%), benzodiazepines (51.3% vs. 15.1%), and methadone (77.0% vs. 48.7%), while hair testing was more likely to detect reported cocaine use (66.3% vs. 48.0%) (Ps<.01). Compared to hair testing, urine testing was more likely to detect unreported use of marijuana (11.3% vs. 0.9%), and benzodiazepines (14.4% vs. 5.4%), and hair testing was more likely to detect unreported use of cocaine (27.0% vs. 5.8%) and oxycodone (19.7% vs. 1.4%) (Ps<.001). When added to urine testing, hair testing increased detection of reported and non-reported use of cocaine and oxycodone ranging from 14-22%.

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“…Furthermore, although recall for cannabis is best for the past 30 days, the test–retest reliability of 6‐ and 12‐month recall periods are also excellent 46,48 . A number of studies have validated self‐reports of substance use and show high concordance between self‐reports of cannabis use as compared with toxicology results 49,50 . Together this, along with data that shows self‐reports of substance use have high concordance with toxicology results suggests that although there may be bias resulting from the way in which cannabis use is assessed, the EHR assessment favors those who are recent and more regular cannabis users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use, comorbidities, and prescription medication use among older adults in a large healthcare system in Los Angeles, CA 2019–2020

Javanbakht

Takada

Akabike

et al. 2022

J American Geriatrics Society

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Objective To describe the reported prevalence of cannabis use and co‐use with prescription medications among older adult patients attending primary care (PC) clinics in Los Angeles, CA. Methods We used electronic health record (EHR) data from sixty PC clinics part of a university‐based, urban healthcare system. Patients' ≥50 years of age with an annual physical examination between July 2019 and May 2020 were eligible for inclusion (n = 42,555). Cannabis use was assessed by clinic staff at the time of the visit and recorded in the EHR. We also used EHR data on clinical characteristics including current prescriptions and comorbidities. Results The median age was 63 years (range: 50–101) and 56% were female. Recent cannabis use was reported by 7.6%, which was higher than tobacco use (4.0%; p < 0.01). Prevalence of cannabis use was higher among patients prescribed psychotropic medications. For instance, 10.9% of patients prescribed benzodiazepines reported cannabis use as compared with 7.3% among patients without a prescription for benzodiazepines (p < 0.01). Patients with neurologic/musculoskeletal medications such as antiepileptics also had a higher prevalence of cannabis use when compared with those without these prescriptions (13.6% vs. 7.6% respectively; p < 0.01) as did those who were prescribed muscle relaxants (10.3% vs. 7.5% respectively; p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities those prescribed medications for psychiatric (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.4–1.7), respiratory (adjusted OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.3), or neurologic conditions (adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.2–1.5) had increased odds of cannabis use compared with those not prescribed these medications. Discussion The prevalence of cannabis use among older adults attending PC clinics in a university‐based healthcare system was higher among those prescribed medications, which may interact with cannabis. These findings suggest that key groups of older patients who may benefit from routine PC screening for cannabis use and brief advice.

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Hair analysis and its concordance with self-report for drug users presenting in emergency department

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

A systematic scoping review of research on Black participants in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.

A systematic scoping review of research on Black participants in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.

A comparison of the utility of urine- and hair testing in detecting self-reported drug use among young adult opioid users

Cannabis use, comorbidities, and prescription medication use among older adults in a large healthcare system in Los Angeles, CA 2019–2020

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