Hair analysis by immunological methods from the beginning to 2000

Spiehler, Vina

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00168-1

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…10,11 Matrix effects are typically related to hair colour, but can be associated with differences in hair quality, surface and texture. We did not find any effect of hair colour on hair cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of cortisol in human Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure

Sauvé

Koren²,

Walsh³

et al. 2007

CIM

498

395

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Clin Invest Med 2007; 30 (5): E183-E191. AbstractPurpose: Current methods for measuring long-term endogenous production of cortisol can be challenging due to the need to take multiple urine, saliva or serum samples. Hair grows approximately 1 centimeter per month, and hair analysis accurately reflects exposure to drug abuse and environmental toxins. Here we describe a new assay for measurement of cortisol in hair, and determined a reference range for non-obese subjects. Methods: For measurement of cortisol in hair we modified an immunoassay originally developed for measuring cortisol in saliva. We compared hair samples obtained from various parts of the head, and assessed the effect of hair dying. We analyzed hair samples from non-obese subjects, in whom we also obtained urine, saliva and blood samples for cortisol measurements. Results: The mean extraction recovery for hair cortisol standards of 100 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml and 2 ng/ml (n=6) was 87.9%, 88.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Hair cortisol levels were not affected by hair color or by dying hair samples after they were obtained. Cortisol levels were decreased in hair that was artificially colored before taking the sample. The coefficient of variation was high for cortisol levels in hair from different sections of the head (30.5%), but was smaller when comparing between hair samples obtained from the vertex posterior (15.6%). The reference range for cortisol in hair was 17.7-153.2 pg/mg of hair (median 46.1 pg/mg). Hair cortisol levels correlated significantly with cortisol in 24-hour urine (r=0.33; P=0.041). Conclusion:The correlation of hair cortisol with 24-hour urine cortisol supports its relevance as biomarker for longterm exposure.Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. In humans, cortisol levels are increased in severe stress, depression, and selected systemic diseases such as Cushing's syndrome. Proper assessment of endogenous cortisol secretion is required to adequately determine its relation to these clinical conditions. For that end, cortisol is currently measured in saliva, serum and urine. While each of these measurements has advantages and limitations, all these methods require multiple samples to provide an assessment of cortisol levels over prolonged periods of time. Furthermore, due to diurnal variations

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of cortisol in human Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure

Sauvé

Koren²,

Walsh³

et al. 2007

CIM

498

395

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…92 Immunoassays originally developed for whole blood have been adapted or optimized specifically for hair. 93 -95 Immunological screening assays for hair should be sufficiently sensitive to detect low drug levels in hair and should be targeted to the parent drug and also the metabolite, to reflect the drug profile in hair.…”

Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair testing is taking root

Cooper

2011

Ann Clin Biochem

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An increasing number of toxicology laboratories are choosing to expand the services they offer to include hair testing in response to customer demands. Hair provides the toxicologist with many advantages over conventional matrices in that it is easy to collect, is a robust and stable matrix that does not require refrigeration, and most importantly, provides a historical profile of an individual's exposure to drugs or analytes of interest. The establishment of hair as a complementary technique in forensic toxicology is a direct result of the success of the matrix in medicolegal cases and the wide range of applications. However, before introducing hair testing, laboratories must consider what additional requirements they will need that extend beyond simply adapting methodologies already validated for blood or urine. Hair presents many challenges with respect to the lack of available quality control materials, extensive sample handling protocols and low drug concentrations requiring greater instrument sensitivity. Unfortunately, a common pitfall involves over-interpretation of the findings and must be avoided.

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“…La préparation des échantillons de cheveux étant abordée ailleurs dans ce numéro spécial des annales de toxicologie analytique, nous nous attarderons uniquement sur les points particuliers des analyses en immunochimie. Deux points cruciaux sont à prendre en compte pour l'analyse de cheveux en immunochimie [19] :…”

Section: Les Cheveuxunclassified

Préparation d’échantillons pour analyses en immunochimie

2010

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Résumé -Introduction :Malgré l'essor des techniques chromatographiques couplées à la spectrométrie de masse, l'immunoanalyse revêt toujours une importance capitale dans les laboratoires hospitaliers et de médecine légale. Nous nous attacherons ici à décrire quels pourraient être les protocoles à mettre en oeuvre pour utiliser ces tests immunochimiques sur des matrices non conventionnelles (sang total laqué, cheveux. . . ) et sur les préparations nécessaires pour analyser ces échantillons. Méthodes : Différentes techniques immunochimiques avec leur aptitude à accepter des matrices dites alternatives seront évoquées. Une application utilisant une défécation du sang total avec de l'acétone est proposée. Quatre paramètres importants en toxicologie (paracétamol, phénobarbital, digoxine et valproate de sodium) ont été testés sur plasma et sur sang total avec cette technique. Les corrélations entre les résultats obtenus sont présen-tées. Un point particulier est fait sur la préparation d'échantillons en vue de l'analyse de matrices alternatives (cheveux, humeur vitrée, salive. . . ) avec des méthodes immunochimiques. Résultats : La procédure présentée ici pour l'analyse du paracétamol, du phénobarbital, de la digoxine et du valproate de sodium dans le sang total par méthode CEDIA donne de bons résultats avec des corrélations satisfaisantes entre les valeurs obtenues sur plasma le jour du prélèvement et les valeurs obtenues sur sang total quelques semaines après. Conclusion : Les avantages des tests immunochimiques sont bien connus ; ils peuvent être automatisables, permettent une grande cadence et un résultat rapide. Leur utilisation en toxicologie médico-légale reste compliquée par la nature des échantillons disponibles. S'ils peuvent être utiles dans un but de screening, une confirmation par méthode chromatographique reste indispensable. Mots clés : Immunoanalyse, matrices alternatives, préparation d'échantillonsAbstract -Introduction: Despite the breakthrough of chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry, immunoanalysis is still a key component of the various techniques used in clinical or forensic toxicology. This article describes different procedures to use immunoassays on unconventional biological matrices such as clotted blood or hair specimens. A focus is made on sample preparation needed to analyse such matrices. Methods: Various immunoassay techniques and their ability to accept unconventional matrices are discussed. An application using protein precipitation with acetone is proposed for the analysis of four relevant compounds in toxicology: valproic acid, acetaminophen, digoxin and phenobarbital. Correlations between results obtained on plasma and whole blood after several weeks of storage are presented. A focus is made on sample preparation for hair specimens, vitreous humor and saliva before analysis with immunoassay tests. Results: The procedure presented for the analysis of valproic acid, acetaminophen, digoxin and phenobarbital with CEDIA reagents gives satisfactory results in whole blood....

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Hair analysis by immunological methods from the beginning to 2000

Cited by 58 publications

References 15 publications

Measurement of cortisol in human Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure

Measurement of cortisol in human Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure

Hair testing is taking root

Préparation d’échantillons pour analyses en immunochimie

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