Hair as a Biological Specimen for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Beumer, JH; Bosman, I.H.; Maes, R. A. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11062.x

Cited by 56 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Hair samples were collected following published methods [43]. Medications are incorporated into hair from systemic circulation as it grows, at approximately 1 cm per month [44]. Hair samples were cut to analyze 1.5 cm closest to the scalp, reflecting nearly 6 weeks of antiretroviral exposure, though short hair was common with 50% of samples of 1 cm or less.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct forms of migration and mobility are differentially associated with HIV treatment adherence

Murnane¹,

Gandhi

Bacchetti³

et al. 2022

Aids

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Objective: We examined whether human mobility was associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence, measured via antiretroviral hair concentrations.Design: This is a cross-sectional analysis of adults on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa at baseline in an observational cohort study.Methods: Participants reported recent mobility (overnight travel) and histories of migration (changes of residence), including reasons, frequency/duration, and locations. Hair antiretroviral concentrations were analyzed using validated methods. We estimated associations between mobility and antiretroviral concentrations via linear regression adjusted for age, sex, region, years on treatment.Results: Among 383 participants, half were women and the median age was 40. Among men, 25% reported recent work-related mobility, 30% nonwork mobility, and 11% migrated in the past year (mostly across district boundaries); among women, 6 and 57% reported work-related and nonwork mobility, respectively, and 8% recently migrated (mostly within district). Those reporting work-related trips 2 nights or less had 72% higher hair antiretroviral levels (P ¼ 0.02) than those who did not travel for work; in contrast, nonwork mobility (any duration, vs. none) was associated with 24% lower levels (P ¼ 0.06). Intra-district migrations were associated with 59% lower antiretroviral levels than nonmigrants (P ¼ 0.003) while inter-district migrations were not (27% higher, P ¼ 0.40). Conclusion:We found that localized/intra-district migration and nonwork travel--more common among women--were associated with lower adherence, potentially reflecting care interruptions or staying with family/friends unaware of the participants' status. In contrast, short work-related trips--more common among men--were

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct forms of migration and mobility are differentially associated with HIV treatment adherence

Murnane¹,

Gandhi

Bacchetti³

et al. 2022

Aids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Chiral analysis of amphetamines in hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: compliance‐monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients under Elvanse® therapy and identification after controlled low‐dose application

Binz

Williner

Strajhar

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Amphetamine (AMP) is used as an illicit drug and also for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Respective drugs most often contain the enantiomer (S)-AMP as active compound or (S)-AMP is formed from the prodrug lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse®) whereas the illicit drug is usually traded as racemate ((R/S)-AMP). A differentiation between the use of the medically prescribed drug and the abuse of illicit street amphetamine is of great importance, for example in retrospective consumption monitoring by hair analysis. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the chiral separation and quantitation of (S)- and (R)-AMP in hair was developed. For this purpose, 20 mg hair was extracted and derivatized with N-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-L(S)-valinamide L(S)-(DNPV) to yield amphetamine diastereomers. Baseline separation of the resulting diastereomers was achieved on a high-pressure liquid-chromatography system (HPLC) coupled to a Sciex QTRAP® 5500 linear ion trap quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method was successfully validated. Analysis of hair samples from nine Elvanse® patients revealed only (S)-AMP in eight cases; one subject showed both enantiomers indicating a (side-) consumption of street amphetamine. The analysis of the 16 amphetamine users' samples showed only racemic amphetamine. Furthermore, it could be shown in a controlled study that (S)-AMP can be detected after administration of even very low doses of lisdexamfetamine and dexamphetamine, which can be of interest in forensic toxicology and especially in drug-facilitated crime (DFC). The method now enables the retrospective compliance-monitoring of ADHD patients and the differentiation between medically prescribed intake of (S)-amphetamine and abuse of illicit street amphetamine.

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Intra‐patient variability of the hair levels of pain medications in chronic migraine patients – a pilot study

Ferrari

Rustichelli

Baraldi

et al. 2019

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Monitoring of prescription pain medications is strongly recommended, considering their abuse liability. We used hair analysis for monitoring pain medications in 12 women with chronic migraine and drug overuse. Hair samples were collected at baseline and after 4 and 8 months and analyzed by liquid chromatography−electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Intra‐patient variability of the hair‐level‐to‐dose ratio was <20% in most cases. The hair analysis detected changes in the dose taken by the same patient over time, both occasionally and chronically. The agreement between the changes in hair drug levels and those of taken doses was excellent. Therefore, hair analysis appeared advantageous for long‐term monitoring of pain medications, which is otherwise difficult to determine in conventional matrices. In the same sample, multiple medications could be simultaneously determined, and with three samples, nine months of therapy were objectively documented.

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Hair as a Biological Specimen for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Distinct forms of migration and mobility are differentially associated with HIV treatment adherence

Distinct forms of migration and mobility are differentially associated with HIV treatment adherence

Chiral analysis of amphetamines in hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: compliance‐monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients under Elvanse® therapy and identification after controlled low‐dose application

Intra‐patient variability of the hair levels of pain medications in chronic migraine patients – a pilot study

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