Hair drug testing of children suspected of exposure to the manufacture of methamphetamine

Farst, Karen; Meyer, Jessica; Bird, T.M.; James, Laura P.; Robbins, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.01.013

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In relation to the quantification methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair samples, there are a wide range of methods (192,193,196,206,(209)(210)(211)(212)(213)(214)(215)(216) that rely on the sampling of different quantities of hair (that have the potential to affect the laboratory quantitation limit), potential inclusion of segment analysis (for evaluation of exposure over time), utilisation of different extraction methods and inclusion of methods for the evaluation of deposited and/ or absorbed contamination. The washing of hair during analysis needs to be undertaken with caution as some methods have the potential to damage the hair shaft and affect the reporting of absorbed methamphetamine and amphetamine (194).…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically in relation to methamphetamine exposures, analysis of both methamphetamine (from systemic absorption and deposition) and amphetamine (metabolite following systemic absorption only) has been used as a quantitative method of differentiating between the types of exposure (196). From the intake of methamphetamine, the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine in hair is reported typically to be approximately 1:10 (174), however, it is noted that this ratio has been found to increase with the duration of drug abuse (192) and presumably environmental exposures.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Amphetamines In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…not drug use) to methamphetamine in children are limited (98,193,(205)(206)(207) (70,73,196,207). In some cases (where data are reported) positive detections were reported in hair where no detections were reported in urine (73).…”

Section: Dose Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Wright

Edwards

Walker

2016

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractThe clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine in residential homes may represent significant hazards and exposures not only to those involved in the manufacture of the drugs but also to others living in the home (including children), neighbours and first responders to the premises. These hazards are associated with the nature and improper storage and use of precursor chemicals, intermediate chemicals and wastes, gases and methamphetamine residues generated during manufacture and the drugs themselves. Many of these compounds are persistent and result in exposures inside a home not only during manufacture but after the laboratory has been seized or removed. Hence new occupants of buildings formerly used to manufacture methamphetamine may be unknowingly exposed to these hazards. Children are most susceptible to these hazards and evidence is available in the literature to indicate that these exposures may result in immediate and long-term adverse health effects. The assessment of exposure within the home can be undertaken by measuring contaminant levels or collecting appropriate biological data from individuals exposed. To gain a better understanding of the available data and key issues associated with these approaches to the characterisation of exposure, a review of the published literature has been undertaken.

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Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incorporation Of Amphetamines In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Wright

Edwards

Walker

2016

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…The lowest calibrant point had a signal to noise of much greater than 5:1, and at 0.1 ng/mg it was half the value of the maximum recommended limit of quantitation (LOQ) from the Society of Hair Testing for amphetamine-type stimulants (0.2 ng/mg) [9], as such it was deemed to be sufficient to be used as the LOQ for this assay. This was also the cut off value for methamphetamine in the hair used by Farst et al [5].…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study (Farst et al [5]) 103 hair samples were analysed and 46 (45%) tested positive for MA at a level above 0.1 ng per milligram of hair (ng/mg) [5] (no levels were reported). Hair testing has also been used to detect the presence of cocaine in hair samples from children in cases of exposure [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of methamphetamine in hair of children removed from clandestine laboratories – Evidence of passive exposure?

Bassindale

2012

Forensic Science International

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A systematic investigation of forensic hair decontamination procedures and their limitations

Mantinieks

Wright

Rago

et al. 2019

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The effectiveness of decontamination procedures used for the removal of external drug contamination in forensic hair analysis is an ongoing debate. This investigation evaluated wash methods complying with Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) guidelines and their capacity to remove cocaine (COC) and methamphetamine (MA) from artificially contaminated hair. The most effective decontamination method was determined using a systematic approach, involving (1) an initial washing solvent screen, (2) optimization of wash duration, (3) comparison of sequential wash methods, and (4) reanalysis of clinical hair samples. For analysis, hair was subjected to micro‐pulverized methanolic extraction prior to quantitation by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−MS/MS). Methanol (MeOH) and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6) were the most effective organic and aqueous solvents, respectively, removing 28%–38% of COC and 16%–31% of MA. Wash durations longer than 30–60 minutes did not remove additional amounts, and a more efficient sequential wash method was subsequently developed. Despite this, the interpretation of reportable results relative to the SoHT cut‐off levels was unchanged for most clinical hair samples reanalyzed after washing by agitation for 30 minutes with MeOH. These findings highlight the inability of decontamination solvents to completely remove external COC and MA contamination from hair, including wash methods adhering to SoHT guidelines.

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Hair drug testing of children suspected of exposure to the manufacture of methamphetamine

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Exposures associated with clandestine methamphetamine drug laboratories in Australia

Quantitative analysis of methamphetamine in hair of children removed from clandestine laboratories – Evidence of passive exposure?

A systematic investigation of forensic hair decontamination procedures and their limitations

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