Hair Dyes

Rust, Rene C.; Schlatter, Harald

doi:10.1002/9781118655566.ch28

Cited by 5 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As their names imply, these classes are based on the resistance of the dyes to removal during shampooing or their "permanence." In this regard, temporary dyes last through only one or two shampoos, while semipermanent dyes last up to six shampoos [4,5,10,11]. Permanent dyes essentially last until new hair growth appears, which is every 4-6 weeks for the average consumer [3,11,12].…”

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, temporary dyes last through only one or two shampoos, while semipermanent dyes last up to six shampoos [4,5,10,11]. Permanent dyes essentially last until new hair growth appears, which is every 4-6 weeks for the average consumer [3,11,12]. Dyes that are less permanent tend to be larger and adsorb onto the surface of hair [13] or diffuse only into the cuticle, or the outermost region of the hair fiber [11].…”

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Permanent dyes essentially last until new hair growth appears, which is every 4-6 weeks for the average consumer [3,11,12]. Dyes that are less permanent tend to be larger and adsorb onto the surface of hair [13] or diffuse only into the cuticle, or the outermost region of the hair fiber [11]. The precursors that give rise to permanent hair dyes are capable of diffusing into the cortex (an inner region of the hair fiber), due to their small size, where they react to form oligomers that aggregate and become too large to be desorbed from the hair [2,4,5,12].…”

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precursors that give rise to permanent hair dyes are capable of diffusing into the cortex (an inner region of the hair fiber), due to their small size, where they react to form oligomers that aggregate and become too large to be desorbed from the hair [2,4,5,12]. In each case, some dye can remain adsorbed onto the surface of hair [11,13]. Dye adsorbed onto the surface or within the outer layers of hair can more easily be removed upon shampoo treatment [1,4,5,[9][10][11], especially if dye is weakly bound and the cuticle is damaged (more porous).…”

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each case, some dye can remain adsorbed onto the surface of hair [11,13]. Dye adsorbed onto the surface or within the outer layers of hair can more easily be removed upon shampoo treatment [1,4,5,[9][10][11], especially if dye is weakly bound and the cuticle is damaged (more porous).…”

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coloration, Hair

Williams¹

2020

Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology

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Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Dyeing Of Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coloration, Hair

Williams¹

2020

Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology

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In situ Chelation of Monoazo Dyes in Human Hair Keratin Fibers Using Environmentally Benign Metal Ions

Williams

Szymczyk

Freeman

2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The coloration of human hair keratin fibers has long involved the oxidative coupling of primarily aromatic amines and phenols inside the fibers with the aid of harsh agents such as H2O2 and NH4OH. Further, the traditional process has exposed millions of consumers and their hairstylists to toxic substances such as skin sensitizers. While alternative hair dyeing processes have been explored, they fail to be competitive with the traditional method, for reasons including impracticality and limited colors achievable. In the present study, we developed an approach to imparting color to human hair fibers that involves entrapping colorants inside hair fibers by forming chelated monoazo dyes in situ. Dyes employed were based on monoarylide, arylazopyrazolone, and arylazonaphthol families, which display yellow, orange, and magenta colors on dyed hair. The dyes were applied at 40 °C without the use of oxidants and alkali associated with current commercial hair dyes, with the best dye uptake observed when the arylazonaphthol dye was employed. The dyed hair fibers showed good durability to washing, and treatment of these fibers with Al3+ or Fe3+ ions at 40 °C led to the rapid in situ formation of 1:2 metal/dye structures. In addition, the dyed hair was soft, indicating that chelated dye occupies the interior of the fibers rather than the surface. Such an approach can be applied to the coloration of other materials, including textiles.

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Evaluation of the Toxicological and Color Properties of Anionic Hydrophobic Monoazo Dyes for Sustainable Human Hair Coloration

Williams

Vacchi

Santos

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The design of hair dyes having environmentally benign characteristics in addition to very good durability to washing and UV light is of importance to overcome the limitations of conventional permanent hair dyes in the marketplace. As a step toward meeting this vision, we synthesized anionic azo dyes having a built-in C4, C8, or C12 alkyl chain and evaluated their hair dyeing and toxicological properties. As anticipated, the dyes increased in hydrophobicity (SlogP) with the increase in alkyl chain length. Based on prior technology, it is known that certain anionic textile dyes possessing a C12 group exhibit high affinity for wool fibers during rigorous washing in the commercial milling process. In the present study, the dye containing the C8 chain displayed the greatest uptake and the most promise as a potential permanent hair dye. Further, dyes containing a C4 or C8 carbon chain were found to be nontoxic ≤100 mg L using the crustaceans Daphnia similis and Parhyale hawaiensis as test organisms. The dye containing a C12 carbon chain provided an EC 50 of 57.4 mg L −1 using D. similis, but it was nontoxic ≤100 mg L −1 to P. hawaiensis. All dyes were nontoxic using the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, and none of the dyes exhibited mutagenicity toward the strains used.

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Hair Dyes

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Coloration, Hair

Coloration, Hair

In situ Chelation of Monoazo Dyes in Human Hair Keratin Fibers Using Environmentally Benign Metal Ions

Evaluation of the Toxicological and Color Properties of Anionic Hydrophobic Monoazo Dyes for Sustainable Human Hair Coloration

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