Hair-Growth-Promoting Effects of the Fish Collagen Peptide in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and C57BL/6 Mice Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin and BMP Signaling Pathways

Abstract

Fish-derived collagen has recently emerged as an alternative collagen source with bioactive properties, including the enhancement of hair and skin health. It is also cost-effective and has high bioavailability, in addition to having fewer side-effects compared to collagen from porcine skin or bovine skin. Collagen peptides (CPs) extracted from the scales of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) reportedly promote hair and skin health. This study sought to evaluate the effects of CPs on hair growth using in vitro and in vivo models. CP significantly enhanced hair regrowth and the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro. CP was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks to confirm the hair-growth-promoting effects. The mice were divided into four groups: negative control (distilled water), positive control (1 mg/kg of finasteride), CP500 (500 mg/kg of CP), and CP1000 (1000 mg/kg of CP). CP treatment significantly enhanced the proliferation of hDPCs compared to 0.2 μM finasteride, in addition to enhancing hair regrowth. Particularly, CP1000 treatment achieved a hair-growth index similar to that of the PC. In H&E staining, the CP groups exhibited a high A/T ratio. Furthermore, CP increased the expression of hair growth factors (IGF-1, VEGF, krt27, Gprc5d, and Ki67) and decreased the growth inhibitory factor (TGF-β1). Furthermore, CP significantly upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathways and downregulated the BMP pathways. Therefore, these results indicate that CP could be used as food supplements and nutraceuticals for hair loss prevention as well as hair regrowth during alopecia.

Nanodrug Delivery Strategies to Signaling Pathways in Alopecia

“…An antagonistic competition instead of simply a balanced interaction between BMP and Wnt signaling has been confirmed in stem cell . Previous reports have shown that TGF-β, as a paracrine mediator released by the DPCs through this signaling pathway, inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells and the morphogenesis of HF, and instructs the transition of HFs from the anagen to the catagen. ,, Many drugs that promote hair restoration have shown activation of this pathway. ,, Interestingly, two phases with different BMP levels in the dermis are independent of telogen, whereas the phase with high BMP is more refractory to recover . BMP signaling controls the cohort of melanocyte maturation genes by activating LEF1 throughout the hair pigmentation, which is a key perspective for the treatment of hair graying …”

“…Representative drugs: minoxidil, − exosomes, ,− valproic acid, , lithium, necrostatins, and KY19382. , …”

“…14,159,164 Many drugs that promote hair restoration have shown activation of this pathway. 43,165,166 Interestingly, two phases with different BMP levels in the dermis are independent of telogen, whereas the phase with high BMP is more refractory to recover. 167 BMP signaling controls the cohort of melanocyte maturation genes by activating LEF1 throughout the hair pigmentation, which is a key perspective for the treatment of hair graying.…”

Efficacy and tolerability of an oral supplement containing amino acids, iron, selenium, and marine hydrolyzed collagen in subjects with hair loss (androgenetic alopecia, AGA or FAGA or telogen effluvium). A prospective, randomized, 3‐month, controlled, assessor‐blinded study

“…In recent years, fish‐derived collagen has emerged as an alternative and interesting source with bioactive properties. Indeed, fish‐derived HC presents some advantages such as low toxicity, low inflammatory responses, better absorbability, environmental friendliness, and less regulatory and quality control problems 12 . Although there is a weak evidence supporting their use, also micronutrients could be involved in hair loss management 13 .…”

“…Indeed, fish-derived HC presents some advantages such as low toxicity, low inflammatory responses, better absorbability, environmental friendliness, and less regulatory and quality control problems. 12 Although there is a weak evidence supporting their use, also micronutrients could be involved in hair loss management. 13 Iron represents an essential element involve in different human function such as red blood cells production, function of enzymes and transcription factors, and DNA synthesis.…”