Hairpin plasmid--a novel linear DNA of perfect hairpin structure.

Kikuchi, Yo; Hirai, Keiko; Gunge, Norio; Hishinuma, Fumio

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03864.x

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Borrelia plasmids can also be compared with replicons of higher organisms. Eukaryotic replicons with hairpin termini include Paramecium mitochondrial DNA (15), linear plasmids of yeasts (20), and plastids of barley chloroplasts (9). In these replicons, however, only one of the two ends is covalently closed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear plasmids of Borrelia burgdorferi have a telomeric structure and sequence similar to those of a eukaryotic virus

1991

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Spirochetes of the genus Borrelia have double-stranded linear plasmids with covalently closed ends. The physical nature of the terminal connections was determined for the 16-kb linear plasmid of the B31 strain of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi. Native telomeric fragments representing the left and right ends of this plasmid were isolated and subjected to Maxam-Gilbert sequence analysis. At the plasmid ends the two DNA strands formed an uninterrupted, perfectly palindromic, AT-rich sequence. This Borrelia linear plasmid consisted of a continuous polynucleotide chain that is fully base paired except for short single-stranded hairpin loops at each end. The left and right telomeres of the 16-kb plasmid were identical for 16 of the first 19 nucleotide positions and constituted an inverted terminal repeat with respect to each other. The left telomere of the 49-kb plasmid of strain B31 was identical to the corresponding telomere of the 16-kb plasmid. Different-sized plasmids of other strains of B. burgdorferi also contained sequences homologous to the left end of the 16-kb plasmid. When the borrelia telomeres were compared with telomeric sequences of other linear double-stranded DNA replicons, sequence similarities were noted with poxviruses and particularly with the iridovirus agent of African swine fever. The latter virus and a Borrelia sp. share the same tick vector. These findings suggest that the novel linear plasmids of Borrelia originated through a horizontal genetic transfer across kingdoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear plasmids of Borrelia burgdorferi have a telomeric structure and sequence similar to those of a eukaryotic virus

1991

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“…According to this scheme, pK192S should have two different complementary loop sequences, depending upon whether the displacement replication of pK192L initiated at the right or left end. This possibility was not experimentally confirmed in this report, but it should be recalled that F2 actually existed as isomers with different loop sequences, TTTC and GAAA (11).…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Formation Of Palindrome-hairpin Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…1). (IV) K-Rmutant carrying pGKL2, F1 and F2 (6,11). F2 arose from pGKL1 by a large deletion of the right terminal portion (lacking ORF3, ORF4, and most of ORF2), (Fig.…”

Section: Isolation Of Pk192l and Pk192s Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 4 bp sequence was flanked by short inverted repeats of 9 bp, 5' TAATTTAGA 3' (11). Kikuchi et al (11) have presented a model for the formation of F1 and F2, showing that the short inverted repeats flanking the 4 bp sequence played a central role in the formation of the hairpin-palindrome plasmids. With this in mind, the formation of pK192S could be interpreted as shown in Figure 4A.…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Formation Of Palindrome-hairpin Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replication and maintenance of the Kluyveromyces linear pGKL plasmids

Gunge

Kitada

1988

Eur J Epidemiol

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Two new linear plasmids, pK192L (4.9 kb) and pK192S (2.4 kb), were isolated from a Kluyveromyces lactis killer strain carrying pGKL1 and pGKL2. pK192L was a deletion plasmid of pGKL1, derived from a part of the ORF1, and had a palindrome structure of a 215 bp unique sequence flanked by 2.35 bp inverted repeats. pK192S was a hairpin plasmid produced by self-annealing of a single-stranded pK192L DNA. In genetic analysis, pK192L and pK192S always coexisted and replicated in cells harboring pGKL2 and pGKL1, in contrast to other pGKL1-derived deletion plasmids, such as F1, F2 and pGKLIS, which could replicate in cells carrying pGKL2 only. Based on these and other lines of evidence, it was concluded that the reason for the pGKL1 dependent replication of the pK192L/S plasmids was the absence of the intact pGKL1-ORF1 gene and that the ORF1 function was necessary for the replication of the pGKL1 genome. This finding is in good agreement with a recent view reporting that ORF1 may encode a DNA polymerase of pGKL1. In a separate experiment, four new linear plasmids were isolated from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying pGKL1 and pGKL2. Structural analysis showed that they consisted of two pairs of hairpin-palindrome type plasmids, each derived from different parts of pGKL2, respectively. pGKL1 stability replicated in cells carrying both these pGKL2 derived deletion plasmids.

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“…The cell extract obtained by Tuovinen's method was electrophoresed (lane 1), pTAV2 DNA was recovered from agarose gel and pure DNA (lane 2) was treated as in the Birnboim and Doly procedure Since the pTAV2 DNA is not completely removed reannealing of its molecules can be a possibility, but presumably is abberant as its product shows a different electrophoretic mobility than native pTAV2 DNA used as a substrate for reaction. Taking into account the above considerations, we conclude that the N-form of pTAV2 could be a double-stranded linear DNA molecule equivalent to plasmid F1 described by Kikuchi et al [20], while A-form pTAV2 may be a kind of hairpin structure comparable to the F2 type of linear plasmid in Sac- charornyces cerevisiae Pdl-l-8 [20] or that described by Meinhardt and Esser [5] in Morchella conica 3 under comparable conditions. This statement is supported by the determination of molecular weight (or size) of both forms of pTAV2 plasmid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%