This chapter provides an overview of colonization, indigenous resilience, and social justice in Caribbean archaeology. It starts with how the colonial expansion in the Caribbean played a crucial role in shaping the landscape of the European powers. The indigenous history of the local Carribean has been strongly biased towards perpetuating colonialist representations of the past indigenous people. The chapter explains how archaeology can become an important element in the search for balance in the distribution of opportunities, privileges and education for Caribbean societies. It cites that, in order to achieve social justice, the voices of indigenous populations and local communities must be amplified without continuing to maintain an asymmetric relationship between the interlocutors of the past.