“…The existing laws have further contributed to Malaysia's position as a global leader in the Halal pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, the laws related to Halal pharmaceuticals including the Sales of Drugs Act 1952, Medicines (Advertisement and Sale) Act 1956, and the Poison Act 1956 require manufacturers to provide safe, efficient, and good-quality products (Aziz et al, 2022). While these acts address certain Halal issues, they lack the specific provisions for Halal monitoring, which leads to Muslim consumers' vulnerability and affects their rights (Zakaria, 2008;Halim et al, 2014).…”