Halarchaeum salinum sp. nov., a moderately acidophilic haloarchaeon isolated from commercial sea salt

Yamauchi, Yuto; Minegishi, Hiroaki; Echigo, Akinobu; Shimane, Yasuhiro; Shimoshige, Hirokazu; Kamekura, Masahiro; Itoh, Takashi; Doukyu, Noriyuki; Inoue, Akihisa; Usami, Ron

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.044693-0

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This haloarchaeon needs 3.1 M NaCl, pH 6.5 and a temperature of 30 C for optimum growth. The cells are non-motile and coccus-shaped [21].…”

Section: Order Halobacterialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rubridurum (isolated from solar salt, Philippines) [29], Hla. salinum (isolated from commercial salt, Indonesia) [30], Hla. solikamskense (isolated from the foamy products of flotation enrichment of potassium minerals, Russia) [31] and Hla.…”

Section: Order Halobacterialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…volcanii (isolated from sediment from the Dead Sea) is the type species of the genus Haloferax. It requires 1.7-2.5 M NaCl and a temperature of 30 C for optimum growth [109]. Potential applications such as bioplastic synthesis [110] and antioxidant activity by means of canthaxanthin production [111] were reported for Haloferax species.…”

Section: Order Haloferacalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

et al. 2017

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Halophilic archaea, also referred to as haloarchaea, dominate hypersaline environments. To survive under such extreme conditions, haloarchaea and their enzymes have evolved to function optimally in environments with high salt concentrations and, sometimes, with extreme pH and temperatures. These features make haloarchaea attractive sources of a wide variety of biotechnological products, such as hydrolytic enzymes, with numerous potential applications in biotechnology. The unique trait of haloarchaeal enzymes, haloenzymes, to sustain activity under hypersaline conditions has extended the range of already-available biocatalysts and industrial processes in which high salt concentrations inhibit the activity of regular enzymes. In addition to their halostable properties, haloenzymes can also withstand other conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In spite of these benefits, the industrial potential of these natural catalysts remains largely unexplored, with only a few characterized extracellular hydrolases. Because of the applied impact of haloarchaea and their specific ability to live in the presence of high salt concentrations, studies on their systematics have intensified in recent years, identifying many new genera and species. This review summarizes the current status of the haloarchaeal genera and species, and discusses the properties of haloenzymes and their potential industrial applications. SYSTEMATICS OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEAHalophilic micro-organisms are found in the three domains of life, and are extremophiles living in hypersaline environments in the presence of salt (generally NaCl) as a specific requisite for their growth [1]. Hypersaline environments contain higher salt concentrations than seawater (3.5 % total dissolved salts) [2]. According to the optimum NaCl concentration for growth, micro-organisms fall into one of the following categories: extreme halophiles with optimum growth at 15-30 % (2.5-5.2 M) NaCl; moderate halophiles with optimum growth at 3-15 % (0.5-2.5 M) NaCl; slight halophiles with optimum growth at 1-3 % (0.2-0.5 M) NaCl; non-halophiles with optimum growth at less than 1 % (0.2 M) NaCl; and halotolerant micro-organisms which are non-halophiles showing the ability to tolerate high NaCl concentrations [3]. Halophiles can live in hypersaline environments because they are able to sustain osmotic balance. They use two main strategies to withstand the adverse consequences of water loss when exposed to high salt concentrations. The first strategy used by extremely halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) and halophilic anaerobic bacteria such as members of Halanaerobiales is known as the 'salt-in-cytoplasm' strategy, during which salts such as NaCl or KCl accumulate in the cytoplasm at concentrations similar to the extracellular ones [4,5]. Another mechanism to cope with high salt concentrations is the accumulation of organic molecules such as amino acids, sugars and polyols, known as compatible solutes or osmolytes. Compatible solutes are small and highly soluble molecules that can...

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“…This haloarchaeon needs 3.1 M NaCl, pH 6.5 and a temperature of 30 C for optimum growth. The cells are non-motile and coccus-shaped [21].…”

Section: Order Halobacterialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Order Halobacterialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Order Haloferacalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

et al. 2017

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“…They have been isolated from different saline environments including salt lake sediments, soda lakes and marine salterns. In the family Halobacteriaceae, Halapricum salinum (Song et al, 2014) and Halarchaeum salinum (Yamauchi et al, 2013) have been isolated from solar salts. In the present study, we isolated an extremely halophilic archaeon from non-purified solar salt and determined its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Halostella salina gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from solar salt

Song

Tae

Rhee

et al. 2016

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Halostella salina gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from solar salt . In multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), five housekeeping genes, atpB, EF-2, radA, rpoB¢ and secY, were found to be closely related to those of the members of the genera Halorientalis(89.7 % similarity of the atpB gene sequence), Halomicroarcula(91.9 %, EF-2), Haloterrigena(85.4 %, radA), Natronoarchaeum (89.2 %, rpoB¢) and Natrinema(75.7 %, secY). A phylogenetic tree generated from the results of MLSA of the five housekeeping genes showed that strain CBA1114T was closely related to species of the genus Halorientalis in the family Halobacteriaceae. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CBA1114 T was 68.1 mol%. According to the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we designate strain CBA1114 T (=JCM 30111 T =KCTC 4206 T ) as the type strain of Halostella salina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel species of a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae.

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“…nov. (Minegishi et al, 2010). Subsequently, we proposed Halarchaeum salinum (Yamauchi et al, 2013a) and Halarchaeum rubridurum (Yamauchi et al, 2013b). In this study, we repeated the isolation of acidophilic haloarchaeal strains using medium adjusted to pH 4.5 (Minegishi et al, 2008) and obtained 28 strains from 583 salt samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halarchaeum nitratireducens sp. nov., a moderately acidophilic haloarchaeon isolated from commercial sea salt

Minegishi

Yamauchi

Echigo

et al. 2013

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Two halophilic moderately acidophilic archaeal strains, MH1-136-2 T and MH1-370-1 were isolated from commercial salt samples made from seawater in Japan and Indonesia, respectively. Cells of the two strains were pleomorphic and Gram-stain-negative. Strain MH1-136-2 T was pink pigmented, while MH1-370-1 was orange-red pigmented. Strain MH1-136-2 T was able to grow at 9-30 % (w/v) NaCl (with optimum, 21 % NaCl, w/v) at pH 4.5-6.2 (optimum, pH 5.2-5.5) and at 18-55 6C (optimum, 45 6C). Strain MH1-370-1 was able to grow at 12-30 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 18 %, w/v) at pH 4.2-6.0 (optimum, pH 5.2-5.5) and 20-50 6C (optimum, 45 6C). Strain MH1-136-2 T required at least 1 mM Mg 2+ , while MH1-370-1 required at least 10 mM for growth. Both strains reduced nitrate and nitrite under aerobic conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains MH1-136-2 T and MH1-370-1 were identical, and the closest relative wasHalarchaeum rubridurum MH1-16-3 T with 98.3 % similarity. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between these strains was 90.9 % and 92.4 % (reciprocally), while that between MH1-136-2 T and Halarchaeum acidiphilum MH1-52-1 T , Halarchaeum salinum MH1-34-1 T and Halarchaeum rubridurum MH1-16-3 T was 37.7 %, 44.3 % and 41.1 % (each an average), respectively. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Halarchaeum, for which the name Halarchaeum nitratireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MH1-136-2 T (5JCM 16331 T 5CECT 7573 T ) isolated from solar salt produced in Japan.Members of the family Halobacteriaceae, 143 species accommodated in 40 genera (as of June 2013), are known to grow at neutral to alkaline pH (Oren, 2007). We have, however, demonstrated that moderately acidophilic haloarchaeal strains able to grow at acidic pH 4.5 can be isolated from many solar salt samples (Minegishi et al., 2008) and the most acidophilic strain MH1-52-1 T was classified as Halarchaeum acidiphilum gen. nov., sp. nov. (Minegishi et al., 2010). Subsequently, we proposed Halarchaeum salinum (Yamauchi et al., 2013a) and Halarchaeum rubridurum (Yamauchi et al., 2013b). In this study, we repeated the isolation of acidophilic haloarchaeal strains using medium adjusted to pH 4. 3 , pH adjusted to 4.0 with HCl. The medium was autoclaved for 20 min at 121 uC. After incubation for 2-4 weeks at 37 uC, colonies were picked up and transferred to new plates. A total of 74 strains were purified by repeated streaking, and 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined according to the method of Minegishi et al. (2012). Two strains selected for further study, MH1-136-2 T and MH1-370-1, were isolated from commercial solar salt samples made from seawater in Japan and Indonesia, respectively.Phenotypic tests were performed according to the methods of Minegishi et al. (2010) and Oren et al. (1997). The analyses were conducted using liquid or solidified MH1 medium at 37 u C. Colony morphology was observed on agar medium. Gram-staining was performed according to the ...

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Halarchaeum salinum sp. nov., a moderately acidophilic haloarchaeon isolated from commercial sea salt

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

Halostella salina gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from solar salt

Halarchaeum nitratireducens sp. nov., a moderately acidophilic haloarchaeon isolated from commercial sea salt

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