Halimeter ppb Levels as the Predictor of Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim, Jung Gon; Kim, Yoon Jae; Yoo, Seung Hee; Lee, So Jung; Chung, Jae‐Yong; Kim, Min Ho; Park, Dong Kyun; Hahm, Ki‐Baik

doi:10.5009/gnl.2010.4.3.320

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…5,14 However, other studies have proposed a significant relationship between halitosis and GERD (Table 4). [16][17][18][19]29 16,29 In these studies, the erosive reflux disease group had higher VSC values than the NERD group. However, these studies lacked a true control group, such as healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…5 Recently, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to be one of the causes of halitosis. [15][16][17][18][19] Moreover a study has reported that GERD-related symptoms were associated with halitosis, regardless of the oral conditions. 17 In contrast, some studies have reported that halitosis is not associated with erosive GERD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Halitosis Diagnosed by a Questionnaire and Halimeter and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/Aims The relationship between halitosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between subjective and objective halitosis and GERD. Methods The subjects were enrolled from participants who visited a health promotion center at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. For diagnosis of halitosis, a questionnaire was requested, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were measured by Halimeter. Self-conscious halitosis was defined as halitosis perceived by himself or herself. Informed halitosis was defined as halitosis perceived by others. Objective halitosis was defined when mean VSCs values were > 100 parts per billion. GERD was defined based on a questionnaire and endoscopy, including erosive esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). Results A total of 54 subjects (male:female = 33:21) with mean age of 46.0 ± 11.4 years were analyzed. The mean VSCs values were not significantly different between presence and absence of self-conscious halitosis ( P = 0.322), but significantly different between presence and absence of informed halitosis ( P = 0.021). Informed halitosis was associated with objective halitosis ( P = 0.039). GERD, erosive esophagitis and NERD did not correlate with objective halitosis ( P = 0.556, 0.206 and 0.902, respectively). In multivariable analysis, the relationship between objective halitosis and GERD symptoms including chest pain, heart burn, acid regurgitation, epigastric pain, hoarseness, globus sensation and coughing was not significant. Besides, GERD was not associated with self-conscious halitosis, informed halitosis and objective halitosis, respectively. Conclusions GERD might not be associated with self-conscious, informed halitosis and objective halitosis indicated by Halimeter results. Informed halitosis could be correlated with objective halitosis determined by the Halimeter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Halitosis Diagnosed by a Questionnaire and Halimeter and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…Yoo et al [15] found that erosive changes in the esophago-gastro-duodenal mucosa were significantly correlated with increased levels of VSCs, suggesting that halitosis could be a symptom suggestive of the erosive diseases of the upper gut mucosa. In detail, as shown in Figure 1, erosive changes in the esophageal mucosa, erosive type GERD, were strongly associated with VSC levels, ascertaining the hypothesis that halitosis can be a potential biomarker for the discrimination between erosive GERD and nonerosive GERD, assuring the presence of erosive change in the lower EG junction [16]. In summary, GI pathology was very common in patients with halitosis as extraoral origin [17], approximately 50-60% among all gastroenterology patients.…”

Section: Halitosis Provoked By Gastrointestinal (Gi) Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Halitosis – Evidence, Hypothesis, and Korean Red Ginseng to Mitigate Its Effect

Han¹,

Park²,

Han³

et al. 2016

Extradigestive Manifestations of Helicobacter Pylori Infection - An Overview

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Halitosis is a common and ignored condition, but in some, it is a disease-associated health problem, suggestive of overt disease conditions and hasaffected about -% of world's population, bothering nonmedical social disturbance in many people. "lthough two kinds, pseudohalitosis and halitophobia, are also concerned, genuine halitosis originated from the oral cavity, such as gingivitis, caries, and poor oral hygiene, in % and the remaining % are extraoral sources of halitosis, which should not be ignored because of stigmata suggestive of overt tissue dysfunctions, for instance, poor nutrition and hygiene, alcohol abuse, smoking, and systemic illness such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal diseases. In this chapter, Helicobacter pylori H. pylori -associated halitosis as one of the extragastric manifestations is introduced. Since diagnostics of halitosis includes subjective methods examiner's sense of smell and objective methods instrumental analysis , under the hypothesis of a possible relationship between H. pylori infection and objective halitosis, the real levels of volatile sulfur compounds VSCs in the breath showed significant correlation between VSC levels and the degree of H. pylori-associated erosive gastritis as well as gastric cancer. These findings are further validated through either measuring H S level in gastric juices of H. pylori-infected gastritis or checking the expressions of cystathionine--lyase CSE and cystathionine--synthase C"S responsible for H S generation in biopsied stomach. The eradication of H. pylori significantly ameliorated halitosis, accompanied with significant reductions in gastric H S levels p< . . Korean red ginseng was very effective in either reducing H. pylori-associated H S or alleviating halitosis in patients with H. pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis. Conclusively, H. pylori infection demonstrates to have an important relationship with the development of halitosis, and its eradication could possibly promote the improvement of this condition.

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“…Recently, two studies discovered that VSCs are closely associated with erosive changes of the upper gastrointestinal tract and could be the product of severely inflamed or eroded mucosa. They found a significant difference in H 2 S levels between patients with erosive gastrointestinal reflux disease and nonerosive gastrointestinal reflux disease [19,20], indicating that an injured oesophagus could produce much more H 2 S than normal. It has also been, speculated that gastric pathologies are not the direct source of halitosis, but may indirectly lead to ecological changes in the mouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Halitosis associated volatile sulphur compound levels in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux

Avınçsal

Altundağ

Ulusoy

et al. 2016

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Previous reports have suggested that laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) may cause halitosis. However, it remains unclear if LPR is a risk factor for halitosis. The aim of this study was to investigate if patients diagnosed with LPR have an increased probability of halitosis compared to a normal population. Fifty-eight patients complaining of LPR symptoms and 35 healthy subjects were included in the study. A LPR diagnosis was made using an ambulatory 24-h double pH-probe monitor, which is the gold standard diagnostic tool for LPR. Additionally, halitosis was evaluated by measuring the levels of volatile sulphur compounds using OralChroma™ and an organoleptic test score. The result of the final diagnosis of the 58 patients after the 24 h ambulatory pH monitoring was that 42 patients had LPR. Significant correlations were observed between the organoleptic test score and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) levels. These were also significantly correlated with LPR. We found a strong positive association between LPR and volatile sulphur compound levels. The H2S and CH3SH levels differed significantly between the LPR and control groups (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Halitosis was significantly associated with the occurrence and severity of LPR. The present study provides clear evidence for an association between halitosis and LPR. Halitosis has a high frequency in patients with LPR and reflux characteristics are directly related to their severity and therefore could be considered as a manifestation of LPR.

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Halimeter ppb Levels as the Predictor of Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Association Between Halitosis Diagnosed by a Questionnaire and Halimeter and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Association Between Halitosis Diagnosed by a Questionnaire and Halimeter and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Halitosis – Evidence, Hypothesis, and Korean Red Ginseng to Mitigate Its Effect

Halitosis associated volatile sulphur compound levels in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux

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