Haline hurricane wake in the Amazon/Orinoco plume: AQUARIUS/SACD and SMOS observations

Grodsky, Semyon A.; Reul, Nicolás; Lagerloef, Gary; Reverdin, Gilles; Carton, James A.; Chapron, Bertrand; Quilfen, Yves; Kudryavtsev, V. N.; Kao, Hsun-Ying

doi:10.1029/2012gl053335

Cited by 126 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…1). The outflow of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers mixes with surface waters of the tropical Atlantic, such that 68% of the largest category hurricanes pass over the plume (21). This freshwater plume inhibits the mixing of colder water beneath the surface and raises surface ocean temperatures, thus generally increasing hurricane intensity and likelihood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic hurricane surge response to geoengineering

Moore

Grinsted

Guo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Devastating floods due to Atlantic hurricanes are relatively rare events. However, the frequency of the most intense storms is likely to increase with rises in sea surface temperatures. Geoengineering by stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection cools the tropics relative to the polar regions, including the hurricane Main Development Region in the Atlantic, suggesting that geoengineering may mitigate hurricanes. We examine this hypothesis using eight earth system model simulations of climate under the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G3 and G4 schemes that use stratospheric aerosols to reduce the radiative forcing under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Global mean temperature increases are greatly ameliorated by geoengineering, and tropical temperature increases are at most half of those temperature increases in the RCP4.5. However, sulfate injection would have to double (to nearly 10 teragrams of SO2 per year) between 2020 and 2070 to balance the RCP4.5, approximately the equivalent of a 1991 Pinatubo eruption every 2 y, with consequent implications for stratospheric ozone. We project changes in storm frequencies using a temperature-dependent generalized extreme value statistical model calibrated by historical storm surges and observed temperatures since 1923. The number of storm surge events as big as the one caused by the 2005 Katrina hurricane are reduced by about 50% compared with no geoengineering, but this reduction is only marginally statistically significant. Nevertheless, when sea level rise differences in 2070 between the RCP4.5 and geoengineering are factored into coastal flood risk, we find that expected flood levels are reduced by about 40 cm for 5-y events and about halved for 50-y surges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic hurricane surge response to geoengineering

Moore

Grinsted

Guo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In recent years, SSS data retrieved from satellite observations have become a major research interest in global water cycle and climate change, and this field of research has just begun. New SSS observations from ESA's SMOS and NASA's Aquarius microwave sensors are being actively investigated (e.g., Grodsky et al 2012). These satellite-derived SSS techniques measuring microwave brightness temperature in the L-band (frequency of 1.4 GHz) have the advantages of cloud penetration and all-weather capabilities.…”

Section: Dispersal Of the Cdw Plume From Satellite Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Dispersal of the Changjiang-Diluted Water Plume in the East China Sea Revealed from Satellite Monitoring of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)

Sasaki¹,

Gomi²,

Asai³

et al. 2014

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The optical properties of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) plume water were investigated during the summer of 2009 and 2010. The absorption coefficient of CDOM at 325 nm (aCDOM) increased inversely with decreasing sea-surface salinity (SSS), implying that aCDOM can be used as a natural tracer of Changjiangdiluted water (CDW). This aCDOM vs. SSS relationship, however, differed between 2009 and 2010. For mapping the CDW plume, the aCDOM was retrieved from an ocean-color satellite. Values of SSS were also derived from the satellite-retrieved aCDOM using field-based SSS vs. aCDOM relationships. Satellite observations revealed the temporary variable eastward extension of a high aCDOM, low SSS CDW plume in the central East China Sea (ECS) during the summer. The CDW plume during the summer of 2010 extended southeastward from the mouth of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) to almost 26°N. Moreover, the branch of this southeastward CDW plume was seen to extend northeastward to the eastern ECS where the Kuroshio Current flows northeastward along the shelf break. Subsequently, this branch was distributed around southern Kyushu. Satellite observations revealed this unique dispersal of the CDW plume, which illustrates that the aCDOM and SSS from oceancolor satellite data are useful for monitoring the dispersal of this river-water plume.

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“…Some research reveals the SSS signals that were not captured by the in situ data. For example, Aquarius SSS data captures many fine scale ocean structures, including the salinity fronts in the tropical Pacific [3], tropical instability waves in both the Pacific and Atlantic [4], the haline wake over the Amazon plume after the passage of hurricanes [5], and salinity anomalies and fluxes associated with the ocean eddy field [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Aquarius was the first NASA satellite to observe the sea surface salinity (SSS) over the global ocean. The mission successfully collected data from 25 August 2011 to 7 June 2015. The Aquarius project released its final version (Version-5) of the SSS data product in December 2017. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the validation results from the Aquarius Validation Data System (AVDS) and other statistical methods, and to provide a general view of the Aquarius SSS quality to the users. The results demonstrate that Aquarius has met the mission target measurement accuracy requirement of 0.2 psu on monthly averages on 150 km scale. From the triple point analysis using Aquarius, in situ field and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) products, the root mean square errors of Aquarius Level-2 and Level-3 data are estimated to be 0.17 psu and 0.13 psu, respectively. It is important that caution should be exercised when using Aquarius salinity data in areas with high radio frequency interference (RFI) and heavy rainfall, close to the coast lines where leakage of land signals may significantly affect the quality of the SSS data, and at high-latitude oceans where the L-band radiometer has poor sensitivity to SSS.

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Haline hurricane wake in the Amazon/Orinoco plume: AQUARIUS/SACD and SMOS observations

Cited by 126 publications

References 39 publications

Atlantic hurricane surge response to geoengineering

Atlantic hurricane surge response to geoengineering

Unique Dispersal of the Changjiang-Diluted Water Plume in the East China Sea Revealed from Satellite Monitoring of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)

Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity

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