Halitosis Assessment and Changes in Volatile Sulfur Compounds After Chewing Gum: A Study Performed on Dentistry Students

Schemel-Suárez, Mayra; Küstner, Eduardo Chimenos; Estrugo‐Devesa, Albert; Jané‐Salas, Enric; López‐López, José

doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.06.001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Among them, the most notable were methyl dodecanoate, isopropyl tetradecanoate, 2-ethylhexyl decanoate, and methyl octadecanoate. Volatile sulfur compounds are the most important biomarkers of halitosis detected in breath and saliva [1,41,42]. They are produced by bacteria located in the mouth, such as P. gingivalis , Solobacterium moorei , P. intermedia , F. nucleatum, and T. denticola [1,7,43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOC Profiles of Saliva in Assessment of Halitosis and Submandibular Abscesses Using HS-SPME-GC/MS Technique

et al. 2019

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Halitosis and submandibular abscesses are examples of mouth-related diseases with the possible bacterial origin. Salivary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers of them, once they can be addressed as metabolites of bacterial activity. Healthy patients (n = 15), subjects with submandibular abscesses located in fascial deep space (n = 10), and subjects with halitosis (n = 5) were enrolled in the study. Saliva samples were subjected to headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. A total number of 164 VOCs was detected by the developed methodology, 23 specific for halitosis and 41 for abscess. Halitosis’ profiles were characterized by a larger number of sulfur compounds, while for abscess they had a higher variety of alcohols, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons—biomarkers of inflammatory processes. Principal components analysis allowed visualization of clusters formed according to the evaluated conditions. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that 39 VOCs presented differentiated responses between the studied groups, with statistical relevance (p < 0.05). Random forest was applied, and a prediction model based on eight VOCs (2-butanone, methyl thioacetate, 2-methylbutanoic acid, S-methyl pentanethioate, dimethyl tetrasulfide, indolizine, pentadecane, and octadecanal) provided 100% of sensitivity, 82% of specificity, and 91% of balanced accuracy, indicating the specific presence of submandibular abscess.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOC Profiles of Saliva in Assessment of Halitosis and Submandibular Abscesses Using HS-SPME-GC/MS Technique

et al. 2019

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“…People are usually unaware of their breath, and when they become aware of it, they incorrectly attribute the cause of their condition. Halitosis is a frequent condition, present in 50-65% of the world population [2]. Although it is a significant source of discomfort, a precise estimation of prevalence is not possible because epidemiological studies are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Halitosis is a frequent condition that affects a large part of the population. It is considered a “social stigma”, as it can determine a number of psychological and relationship consequences that affect people’s lives. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of psychological factors in the condition of self-perceived halitosis in adolescent subjects and adulthood. (2) Type of studies reviewed: We conducted, by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic research of the literature on PubMed and Scholar. The key terms used were halitosis, halitosis self-perception, psychological factors, breath odor and two terms related to socio-relational consequences (“Halitosis and Social Relationship” OR “Social Issue of Halitosis”). Initial research identified 3008 articles. As a result of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of publications was reduced to 38. (3) Results: According to the literature examined, halitosis is a condition that is rarely self-perceived. In general, women have a greater ability to recognize it than men. Several factors can affect the perception of the dental condition, such as socioeconomic status, emotional state and body image. (4) Conclusion and practical implication: Self-perceived halitosis could have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Among the most frequent consequences are found anxiety, reduced levels of self-esteem, misinterpretation of other people’s attitudes and embarrassment and relational discomfort that often result in social isolation.

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“…This is a commonly used subjective method of measurement that involves the assessment of oral odor by others. Organoleptic scores were assigned using a previously described scale (0=no appreciable odor; 1=barely noticeable odor; 2=slight but clearly noticeable odor; 3=moderate odor; 4=strong odor; 5=foul odor) [20,21]. Organoleptic assessments were performed by a single physician independent of this study.…”

Section: Organoleptic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration as an Etiologic Factor of Halitosis: A Case-Control Study

Jeong

Lee

2021

J Oral Med Pain

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Salivation is considered to be an important factor in the control of halitosis, and the amount of salivation has been shown to be closely related to the level of hydration. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between dehydration and halitosis.Methods: Methods: Twenty healthy young females with no dental problems were recruited. All participants were induced to become dehydrated and then over-hydrated. After inducing each hydration state, the severity of hydration and halitosis factor (organoleptic scores, amounts of resting and functional saliva, gas examinations, and tongue coatings) were measured. Hydration statuses were graded as dehydration, normal, or over-hydration according to urine osmolality. This was a cross sectional study with a cross over design. Results: Results:The dehydrated status was associated with higher organoleptic scores than the normal or over-hydrated status (1.75±0.75 vs. 0.87±0.63, and 0.65±0.53, respectively. p<0.05). Mean values of CH 3 SH, (CH 3 ) 2 S in portable gas chromatography for the dehydrated, normal, and over-hydrated status were 11.70±37.00, 6.75±13.50, and 2.80±5.87 nmol/mol, 10.50±15.59, 7.25±10.87, and 1.50±2.55 nmol/mol, respectively. p>0.05). (CH 3 ) 2 S (r=0.410, p=0.009) showed a moderate positive correlation with dehydration status. The resting salivation rates were relatively lower for the dehydrated status than for the normal or overhydrated status (p>0.05), and tongue coating results were also higher for the dehydrated status (p>0.05).Conclusions: Conclusions: Dehydration status appears to be positively correlated with a low resting salivation rate and high portable gas chromatography results. This shows that dehydration might be an etiologic factor of halitosis.

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Halitosis Assessment and Changes in Volatile Sulfur Compounds After Chewing Gum: A Study Performed on Dentistry Students

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

VOC Profiles of Saliva in Assessment of Halitosis and Submandibular Abscesses Using HS-SPME-GC/MS Technique

VOC Profiles of Saliva in Assessment of Halitosis and Submandibular Abscesses Using HS-SPME-GC/MS Technique

Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors

Dehydration as an Etiologic Factor of Halitosis: A Case-Control Study

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