Hall-Effect Thrusters for Deep-Space Missions: A Review

Bapat, Archit; Salunkhe, Pramod B.; Patil, Aakash

doi:10.1109/tps.2022.3143032

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In history, the concept of electric propulsion was born at the beginning of the last century. Significant research programs were established in the 1960s both in the US and Russia, and became common in the 1980s 38 . Today, as technology maturity increased, the majority of in-space propulsion is provided by electric propulsion.…”

Section: The Second Fusion -Electric Rocket-engines Inspired New Idea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The second fusion of laser and aerospace—an inspiration for high energy lasers

Xu¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

2023

OEA

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Since the first laser was invented, the pursuit of high-energy lasers (HELs) has always been enthusiastic. The first revolution of HELs was pushed by the fusion of laser and aerospace in the 1960s, with the chemical rocket engines giving fresh impetus to the birth of gas flow and chemical lasers, which finally turned megawatt lasers from dream into reality. Nowadays, the development of HELs has entered the age of electricity as well as the rocket engines. The properties of current electric rocket engines are highly consistent with HELs' goals, including electrical driving, effective heat dissipation, little medium consumption and extremely light weight and size, which inspired a second fusion of laser and aerospace and motivated the exploration for potential HELs. As an exploratory attempt, a new configuration of diode pumped metastable rare gas laser was demonstrated, with the gain generator resembling an electric rocket-engine for improved power scaling ability.

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Section: The Second Fusion -Electric Rocket-engines Inspired New Idea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The second fusion of laser and aerospace—an inspiration for high energy lasers

Xu¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

2023

OEA

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“…There are various types of hall thrusters that have been developed in several laboratories and manufacturing companies around the globe (MIT OpenCourseWare, 2015) However, hall thrusters are designed based on their geometry, whether annular or cylindrical in shape. According to a source (Bapat et al, 2022), annular thrusters are suitable for deep space missions, while cylindrical thrusters are applicable to satellite_station keeping due to their lower power consumption. Hall thrusters face limitations related to the erosion of their ceramic walls, which poses threats to the operational life of the thrusters, (Fig.…”

Section: Hall Effect Thrustermentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Future: A Survey of Electric Propulsion Systems and their Pivotal Role in Shaping the Next Frontier of Space Exploration

Abdulbaqi,

Olajide,

Akangbe

2023

Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology

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Electric propulsion represents the future of space travel, which is a promising technology for Earth-orbital and deep space missions, including potential applications in human Mars missions. The past decade has witnessed substantial progress in the conceptualization and experimentation of electric thrusters and their propellants, signaling a transformative era in space exploration. This review provides an overview of the comparison between electric and chemical propulsion, followed by a detailed examination of current research and development on various types of electric propulsion thrusters. The discussion encompasses the adoption of diverse technologies to enhance the scalability of these thrusters, presenting a comprehensive outlook on the future of space exploration.

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“…In recent years, other types of propellants, such as argon and krypton, have also been proposed as propellants for Hall thrusters to reduce costs. [32,[32][33][34][35] The EDI is expected to exhibit different characteristics under different types of propellants, thereby affecting the discharge process of Hall thrusters. Asadi et al [23] investigated the axial electron mobility variation under the effect of EDI for different propellants corresponding to ion weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth mechanism and characteristics of electron drift instability in Hall thruster with different propellant types

Chen 陈,

Kan 阚,

Gao 高

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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The existence of a significant electron drift instability (EDI) in the Hall thruster is considered one of the possible causes of the abnormal increase in axial electron mobility near the outlet of the channel. In recent years, extensive simulation studies have been conducted to investigate the characteristics of EDI, but the excitation and growth mechanisms of EDI in both linear and nonlinear stages are unclear. In this work, a one-dimensional PIC model on the azimuthal direction of the thruster near-exit region is established to gain further insights into the mechanism of the EDI in detail, and the effects of different types of propellants on EDI characteristics are discussed. The changes in axial electron transport caused by EDI under different types of propellants and electromagnetic field strengths are also examined. The results indicate that EDI undergoes a short linear growth phase before transitioning to the nonlinear phase and finally reaching saturation through the ion Landau damping. EDI drives a significant ion heating in the azimuthal direction through electron-ion friction before entering the quasi-steady state which increases the axial mobility of the electrons. Applying propellants with lighter atomic weight can effectively suppress the oscillation amplitude of EDI, but increases the linear growth rate of EDI as well as the frequency and phase velocity. The axial electron mobility increased under the EDI by three orders of magnitude compared to the classical mobility, this simulated result obtained are consistent with experimental phenomena. The change in the type of propellant is not sufficient to significantly alter the electron axial mobility. It’s also found that collisions between electrons and neutral gases have a significant impact on electron axial mobility under the influence of EDI, increasing the strength of the electric field and decreasing the strength of the magnetic field both effectively suppress the axial transport of electrons.

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Hall-Effect Thrusters for Deep-Space Missions: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 118 publications

The second fusion of laser and aerospace—an inspiration for high energy lasers

The second fusion of laser and aerospace—an inspiration for high energy lasers

Unveiling the Future: A Survey of Electric Propulsion Systems and their Pivotal Role in Shaping the Next Frontier of Space Exploration

Growth mechanism and characteristics of electron drift instability in Hall thruster with different propellant types

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