Hall thruster with externally driven oscillations

Raitses, Yevgeny; Romadanov, Ivan; Simmonds, Jacob; Smolyakov, Andrei; Kaganovich, Igor

doi:10.2514/6.2019-4078

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, despite that the conditions for the instabilities development ( ⃗ E∇n > 0) are still preserved, at the same time the physical parameters differ significantly. The LaPlaS separator has a larger size (diameter 50 cm instead of 26 cm in experiment [32] and 5 cm in the simulation [30]) and an order of magnitude higher magnetic field (1.4 kG instead 0.1 kG in previous study), which leads to magnetization of not only the electronic, but also the ionic component. The average radial electric field is also larger (10-15 V cm −1 instead of 2 V cm −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Particle-in-cell simulation of a cylindrical plasma mass separator based on Penning discharge with thermionic cathodes

Smirnov,

Kislenko,

Gavrikov

et al. 2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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This work is devoted to the modeling of a Penning discharge with a hot cathode, which is used to create a background plasma with a radial electric field in a plasma mass separator. We used a 2D3V electrostatic particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) simulation model with a gyrokinetic approximation for magnetized electrons and a geometrical scaling scheme. The proposed model predicts the development of a rotating spoke structure, leading to fluctuations in the electric potential. The fluctuation amplitude and the averaged radial profile of the potential are in qualitative agreement with experiment. On the example of a model flow of silver and lead ions, we have shown that potential fluctuations can impair separation, leading to a partial overlap of ion deposition spots on a substrate. Each of the separated fractions contain about 11% impurities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In the cited works, the experimental setup described in [32,33] is modeled, which is qualitatively similar to the LaPlaS setup. However, despite that the conditions for the instabilities development ( ⃗ E∇n > 0) are still preserved, at the same time the physical parameters differ significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-in-cell simulation of a cylindrical plasma mass separator based on Penning discharge with thermionic cathodes

Smirnov,

Kislenko,

Gavrikov

et al. 2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…作为一种 EB  构型的放电装置，霍尔推力器放电过程涉及中性原子电离、二次电子发射、等离子体与壁面相互作用、带电粒子漂移运动等复杂物理过程 [2] 。这些过程将通过直接或间接的方式引起放电室内等离子体的不稳定性，宏观表现为频率介于KHz~GHz范围内的放电电流振荡 [3] 。放电电流振荡意味着推力器内部等离子体密度分布随时间在发生变化 [4] 。 Choueiri把霍尔推力器中频率介于1~100KHz的振荡分成四类 [3] ：1)由电离不稳定性引起，频率介于1~20KHz的轴向振荡；2)与电离过程有关，频率介于5~25KHz的角向振荡；3)由等离子体密度梯度和磁场梯度引起，频率介于20~60KHz的角向漂移不稳定性；4)由碰撞或其他效应引起，频率介于20~100KHz的振荡。霍尔推力器中的放电振荡将导致：1)推力器羽流发散角增加 [5] ； 2)增加功率处理单元的负载 [3] ； 3)引起推力器非正常熄弧 [6] ； 4)加速推力器失效，缩短工作寿命 [7] ；5)降低推力器的效率 [8,9] 等不良影响。呼吸振荡作为霍尔推力器中的一种常见振荡模式，通常表现出低频、大振幅的特性。 1977年Tilinlin在测量霍尔推力器的放电电流时首次发现了呼吸振荡 [10] ，并认为这一振荡是电子的分布受等离子体影响所导致。 1997年， Fife首次利用 "捕食者-被捕食者" (Predator-Prey， P-P)模型分析了霍尔推力器中的呼吸振荡，利用该模型得到的模式振荡频率与二维计算结果符合较好 [11] 。在P-P模型中将离子看作是"捕食者" ，中性原子看作是被"被捕食者" ，振荡的频率正比于离子的速度反比于放电通道的长度。1998年，Boeuf和Garrigues利用一维混合模型研究了呼吸振荡，认为呼吸振荡是由中性气体周期性的消耗和补偿引起，振荡周期为中性原子代替被电离原子的时间 [12] 。这一结论能够很好的解释Darnon等人的试验结果 [13] 。 Barral构建了包含时间依赖关系的一维模型研究呼吸振荡，但模型计算得到的振荡频率与试验测量值之间的误差较大 [14] 。Chable和Rogier对呼吸振荡的激发因素持有不同的观点，他们认为电流和自身电场的耦合是引起呼吸振荡的原因 [15] 。 Huang等人利用高速双郎缪尔探针和傅里叶变换方法研究了背景压强对呼吸振荡的影响。结果表明随着背景压强的增加，电离区和加速区缩短，振荡频率将相应地增加 [16] 。背景压强对呼吸振荡的影响，有可能导致推力器性能的天地差异。此外，试验和数值模拟结果表明，工质流率大小、工质种类 [17，18] ，放电电压 [19] 、放电通道材料 [20] 、磁场位形，以及磁场强度 [21] 都将对呼吸振荡特性产生影响。模式的振荡频率、离子速度随着放电电压的增加而增加 [22] ，放电电流振荡幅值随着磁场强度的增加先增加后减小 [20] 。与其他陶瓷材料相比，在相同的磁场位形下，采用氮化硼陶瓷作为推力器放电通道时，放电振荡的幅值最小 [23] 。Raitses、Granstedt、Smirnov等人的工作表明，阴极对霍尔推力器中的低频放电振荡也有重要的影响，通常表现为当阴极发射电子的能力超过阴极自持放电能力时，对低频放电振荡具有抑制作用 [24][25][26] 。在呼吸振荡抑制方面，Tamida等人通过对电势、磁场等物理参数的调控实现了对霍尔推力器中低频振荡的抑制 [27] ，Barral等人基于主动控制的思路利用电阻、电感、电容组成的 RLC滤波电路，结合比例-积分-微分(Proportional-Integral-Derivative，PID)方法对磁场控制，实现了对霍尔推力器呼吸振荡的主动控制 [28] 。Ratises 等人研究结果表明采用对阳极电压调控的方法可以改变离子密度和离子速度振荡的相位差 [29] 。Yu等人利用包含RLC滤波电路的一维模型发现呼吸振荡的幅值随滤波电路电感和电阻的增加而降低，采用合适的滤波电路参数，呼吸振荡能够被完全稳定 [30] 。在电感值相同的情况下，由于电感元器件的频率特性不同对低频放电振荡的影响也将不同 [31] 。Barral等人数值研...…”

Section: 信、气象监测等领域得到了广泛的应用，用于执行卫星的位置保持和轨道修正等任务。unclassified

Breathing oscillations excitation mechanism and influence factors in Hall thrusters

Yang¹,

Guo²,

Jia³

et al. 2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Breathing oscillations as one of the low frequency, large amplitude discharge instabilities have the serious influence on the performance and lifetime of Hall thrusters. In order to acquire a better understanding the breathing-oscillation in the Hall thrusters and provide the effective suppression methods for breathing-oscillation, the excitation mechanism and influence factors of the breathing oscillations have been investigated by utilize the two-zone predator-prey (P-P) model in this paper. The two-zone P-P model divide the discharge channel of Hall thruster into two parts according to the working principle of Hall thruster, one of is called the near anode zone, another one is called the ionization zone. The model include the ion radial diffusion effect and of electrons-wall interaction effect. The four-order Range-Kuttle method is utilized to solve the nonlinear two-zone P-P model equation. The research results show that the interaction of electrons with the wall has the inhibition effect on the breathing oscillations, since the energy consumption due to the colliding with discharge channel wall. However, ion radial diffusion effect which in the near anode zone has the excitation effect on the breathing oscillations. The ions and neutral atom dynamics behavior appears obviously P-P feature in the phase space. In other words, there is a phase difference between ions density and neutral particle density variation. Relay on the strength of the ions radial diffusion effect, the mode oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude of discharge current present non monotonic change tendency. More specifically, with strength of ions radial diffusion effect increases, the oscillation frequency increasing at first and then decreasing. However, the discharge peak current decreasing at first and then increasing. Furthermore， the breathing oscillations excitation is irrelevant to the length of ionization zone, and the oscillation frequency increases (oscillation period) with length of ionization zone increasing (decreasing), when the length of discharge channel is constant. The research results of this paper will provide support to make clear of the excitation mechanism and propose the new suppression method for breathing oscillations in the hall thrusters

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“…During their transit the electrons are trapped in the magnetic field near the channel exit, thereby increasing their residence time, where they ionize the xenon gas and sustain the plasma. The Hall thruster is an example of a E × B discharge [44].…”

Section: Hybrid Modeling For Hall Thrustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

VizGrain: a new computational tool for particle simulations of reactive plasma discharges and rarefied flow physics

Levko

Upadhyay

Karpatne

et al. 2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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This paper presents recent progress on the development of the new multi-purpose particle modeling and simulation tool VizGrain. A unique aspect of VizGrain is that it allows computational modeling of particle dynamics in a variety of systems, including rarefied gas dynamics, macroscopic particle dynamics (e.g., dust particles, droplets, etc), particle-in-cell modeling, and hybrid continuum-particle modeling within a single integrated framework. VizGrain allows working with atomic sized particles and particles with finite macroscopic sizes. The former approach is used to model rarefied gas dynamics and conventional non-equilibrium plasmas, while the finite sized macro-particles are considered for the modeling of dusty plasmas, aerosols, droplets etc. In this latter case, the electrical charge up of particles in a plasma environment is considered. The model features a comprehensive variety of drag forces that can act on both atomic and macro-particles. A detailed description of the physical models implemented within VizGrain is presented, to provide insights into the approach that can be taken in other particle-based codes in the community. These models are scrupulously validated against the benchmark problems proposed in the research literature for a variety of applications from the plasma reactors used in semiconductor industry to high-speed rarefied gas dynamics problems.

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Hall thruster with externally driven oscillations

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Particle-in-cell simulation of a cylindrical plasma mass separator based on Penning discharge with thermionic cathodes

Particle-in-cell simulation of a cylindrical plasma mass separator based on Penning discharge with thermionic cathodes

Breathing oscillations excitation mechanism and influence factors in Hall thrusters

VizGrain: a new computational tool for particle simulations of reactive plasma discharges and rarefied flow physics

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