Hallmarks of cancer: of all cancer cells, all the time?

Floor, Sebastien; Dumont, Jacques Emile; Maenhaut, Carine; Raspé, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.06.005

Cited by 116 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…After NH 4 Cl red blood cell lysis, cells were suspended in PBS 2% FBS, stained with the indicated Abs (Supplemental Table 6) for 20 minutes, fixed in 1 % paraformaldehyde (10 minutes), and analyzed on a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences). Data were examined using FlowJo.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment can be initiated and orchestrated by malignant or immune cells; the networks conditionally facilitate tumor progression or regression depending on tumor type, immune effector cell type, and anatomic context (2)(3)(4). The identification of such inflammatory loops is of particular interest in the hunt for anticancer therapies that are anticipated to be more effective and less toxic than conventional chemotherapy (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation

et al. 2015

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation

et al. 2015

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“…Tumor metastasis is the key factor that compromises the prognosis of tumor patients, which accounts for 90% of tumor-associated mortalities (84,85). Metastasis is a multistep process by which a percentage of primary tumor cells acquire the ability to spread between the initial site and secondary tissues or organs, or the surrounding normal tissues (86)(87)(88).…”

Section: Association Between Sox2 and Lymph Node Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Ren

Zhang

2016

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are a growing problem in the world. The various existing treatments have not markedly improved the survival rate of patients with OSCC during the past three decades. Novel treatment strategies are required. Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and in multiple developmental processes. SOX2 expression was indicated to act as a prognostic factor in various types of tumors, including breast, colorectal, gastric and lung cancer and glioblastoma, and as a link between malignancy and stemness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for the genesis, growth and metastatic spread of tumors. The poor survival outcomes for OSCC patients may be attributable to a poor selection of target cells for treatment, as current oral cancer therapies are generally aimed at the global mass of tumor. Therefore, the consideration that novel approaches to oral cancer may be targeted using SOX2 and CSCs appears reasonable. In order to better understand the oncogenic roles and the corresponding signal transduction pathways of the SOX2 protein, the present study emphasizes the role of SOX2 in OSCC, including the proteins associated with OSCC, and reviews the literature regarding the role of SOX2 in lymph node metastasis. The aim of the present study is to provide a reference for future studies that engage in research on the aforementioned subject.

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“…It has been postulated that malignant growth is a manifestation of eight essential alterations in cell physiology which govern the transformation of normal human cells into malignant cancers: sustaining self-sufficiency, insensitivity to growth suppressors, evasion of programmed cell death, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, reprogramming of energy metabolism, and evasion of immune destruction Weinberg 2000, 2011). More recently, it has been postulated that another fundamental characteristic of cancer cells, loss of terminal differentiation, should be considered a "hallmark" as well (Floor et al 2012). It is becoming increasingly clear that aberrant alternative splicing plays a role in the regulation of many of these processes in GBM.…”

Section: Alternative Splicing In the Pathogenesis Of Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative RNA Splicing in the Pathogenesis of GBM

Thorne¹,

Cavenee²,

Furnari³

2015

MRAJ

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Abstract-Alternative splicing enables the generation of different proteins from a single gene, greatly increasing the use of genetic information. The resultant protein isoforms often have different biological properties effecting the phenotype of the cell in which it is expressed. Dysregulation of alternative splicing is a common occurrence in cancer and may lead to the formation of truncated or degraded proteins through the introduction of immature stop codons or nonsense mediated decay. Increasing evidence indicates that cancerassociated splicing variants play an important role in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the relevance of alternative splicing in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Specifically, we focus on the role of alternative splicing in GBM pathogenesis with an emphasis on the effect of aberrant alternative splicing of FGFR, GLI-1, and EGFR. The significance of exploiting alternatively spliced isoforms as potential biomarkers which may contribute to the development of diagnostic and prognostic methods, in addition to serving as molecular targets in GBM, will be discussed. Keywords-glioblastoma; alternative splicing Medical Research Archives 2015Issue 1 Copyright © 2015, Knowledge Enterprises Incorporated. All rights reserved. 2 INTRODUCTION Alternative splicing is a key regulator of gene expression and enables the generation of numerous transcripts from a single gene, thereby increasing the coding potential of the genome. During mRNA processing, approximately 90% of premRNA is removed as introns, with the remaining 10% joined together as exonic sequences (Tazi, Bakkour, and Stamm 2009). Thus the process has been considered a key driver in the evolution of phenotypic complexity. Splicing is the process by which introns are removed from a precursor mRNA (pre2mRNA) and exons are ligated to form a mature mRNA. Considered one of the most complicated RNA-protein complexes within the eukaryotic cell (Nilsen 2003), pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a large complex composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) subunits each composed of a single uridine rich small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in addition to as many as 150 proteins that assemble in an ordered stepwise manner on each intron to be spliced [reviewed in (Kim, Goren, and Ast 2008, Smith, Query, and Konarska 2008, Wahl, Will, and Luhrmann 2009. The spliceosome performs the two primary functions of splicing: recognition of the intron/exon boundaries and catalysis of the cut and paste reactions that remove introns and join exons. It is responsible for directing both constitutive and alternative splicing (Faustino and Cooper 2003).Definition of the exon/intron boundary is maintained through cis-regulatory RNA elements which serve as splicing enhancers or silencers, essentially determining the splice site. Splicing regulatory elements (SREs) fall into four different categories: exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs), intronic splicing enhancers (ISEs), exonic splicing silencers (ESSs), and in...

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Hallmarks of cancer: of all cancer cells, all the time?

Cited by 116 publications

References 75 publications

Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation

Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Alternative RNA Splicing in the Pathogenesis of GBM

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