Halloysite behaving badly: geomechanics and slope behaviour of halloysite-rich soils

Moon, Vicki G.

doi:10.1180/claymin.2016.051.3.09

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mineralogical testing of the clay fraction of the landslide debris by XRD identified 14% halloysite group clays with natural moisture contents of 29-31%. Halloysite clays have a hollow needle-like morphology that is microstructurally metastable and linked with 'collapsible soil' behaviour, whereby saturated soils can yield very suddenly when rapidly loaded (Moon, 2016). This may account for some aspect of the apparent rapid loss of shear strength that occurred along surface-parallel joints during the first stage translational and wedge failures and the second stage transition to flowing behaviour of the slide mass.…”

Section: Engineering Properties and Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2017 Regent Landslide, Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone

Redshaw

Boon

Campbell

et al. 2019

QJEGH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At 06:50 on Monday 14 th August 2017, a hillslope on the Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone, collapsed, sending 300,000 m 3 of debris into the flooded valley below. As this debris mixed with floodwater it became a sediment-laden flood which entered a drainage channel and travelled 6 km to the coastline. The event destroyed nearly 400 buildings, claimed the lives of an estimated 1,100 people and affected approximately 5,000 people. The mechanism was a two-stage rainfall-triggered landslide followed by a channelised debris-laden flood. The processes were similar to the nearby 1945 event in Charlotte, which killed at least 13 people.

show abstract

Section: Engineering Properties and Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2017 Regent Landslide, Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone

Redshaw

Boon

Campbell

et al. 2019

QJEGH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mineralogy of the nest reveals the plasticity of the cement materials indirectly. It is known that the plasticity index (and liquid limit) of smectite (a mineral with high plasticity index) is up to about 7–15 times higher than halloysite’s and kaolinite’s indices 34 , 35 . Low clay mineral contents suggest significant contribution of smectite in the clay fraction of the nest materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical and textural characteristics of nest building geomaterials used by three sympatric mud-nesting hirundine species

Papoulis

Tzortzakaki

Avramidis

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many hirundine species construct their nests by carrying mud particles from adjacent areas. This study aimed to investigate for the first time the materials that mud-nesting hirundines choose for nest construction from a mineralogical and sedimentological perspective. For this purpose, we sampled nests of three sympatric species, namely the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), the Red-rumped Swallow (Cecropis daurica) and the House Martin (Delichon urbicum), from southeastern Europe. Our results showed that all species tend to use clay minerals as a cement and especially smectite and illite and if these minerals are not present in the adjacent area, they use halloysite, kaolinite or chlorite. The amounts of clay minerals in the nests are generally low indicating that the studied species can accurately identify the properties of the nesting materials. Most of the non clay minerals that they use are the common, easily accessible colourless or white minerals with low specific gravity values such as quartz, feldspars and calcite. Grain size distribution analysis revealed that the amount of clay sized grains in the mud nests of all three species is relatively low, while the amount of larger grain particles decreases when the size of the non clay minerals is small. The Red-rumped Swallow showed an increasing preference for larger grain size particles and quartz, the Barn Swallow for finer grain size particles and calcite, and the preferences of the House Martin are in between the other two species. The three hirundine species present different nest building strategies and depending on the nest architecture, each of them seems to show preference for specific minerals and specific grain sizes.

show abstract

“…1), were found to contain halloysite books. These somewhat weathered tephras, saturated and demonstrably containing solubilized (ferrous) iron because they reacted positively to the Childs (1981) test, were also identified as being sensitive in a broader geotechnical study on slope failure and landsliding relating to sensitive soil behaviour as described by Moon et al (2015) and Moon (2016). The local stratigraphy and field character of the relevant deposits at each of these sites are exemplified in Fig.…”

Section: Field Character and Primary Mineralogy And Glass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Discovery of halloysite books in altered silicic Quaternary tephras, northern New Zealand

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrated halloysite was discovered in books, a morphology previously associated 29 exclusively with kaolinite. From ~1.5 μm to ~1500 μm in length, the books showed 30 significantly greater mean Fe contents (Fe2O3 = 5.2 wt%) than tubes (Fe2O3 = 3.2 wt%), and 31 expanded rapidly with formamide. They occurred, along with halloysite tubes, spheroids, and 32 plates, in highly porous yet poorly-permeable, silt-dominated, Si-rich, pumiceous rhyolitic 33 tephra deposits aged ~0.93 Ma (Te Puna tephra) and ~0.27 Ma (Te Ranga tephra) at three 34 sites ~1020 m stratigraphically below the modern land-surface in the Tauranga area, 35 eastern North Island, New Zealand. The book-bearing tephras were at or near saturation, but Halloysite is a 1:1 kaolin-subgroup clay mineral with a similar composition to 49 kaolinite, but with interlayer H2O ("water") that can easily be driven off, giving hydrated and 50 dehydrated end members in a series of forms. It is this interlayer H2O (or evidence of its 51 removal) that characterises halloysite relative to kaolinite (Churchman & Carr, 1975). The 52 fully hydrated form has a 1.0 nm (10 Å) basal spacing, and the fully dehydrated form has a 53 basal spacing of 0.7 nm (7 Å). Halloysite can adopt a continuous series of hydration states, 54 from 2 to 0 molecules of H2O per Si2Al2O5(OH)4 aluminosilicate layer, and these are 55 interpreted as a type of interstratification of the two end-member types (Churchman et al., 56 1972;Churchman & Lowe, 2012;Churchman, 2015;Joussein, 2016). Under ambient 57 environmental conditions, dehydration of halloysite is an irreversible process (Churchman et 58 al., 1972;Joussein et al., 2005;Keeling, 2015). However, the effective reversal of the basal-59 spacing change associated with the dehydration of halloysite by the addition of formamide 60 provides a common test for distinguishing halloysites from kaolinite (Churchman et al., 1984, 61 2016). 62The first application of electron microscopy to a halloysite (Alexander et al., 1943) 63 showed it to have particles with fibrous/tubular shapes. Subsequently, many halloysites 64 were found to occur as tubes. However, halloysites have also been found to occur in many 65 different shaped particles. Joussein et al. (2005) Churchman (2015), these may be grouped into four main morphological types, namely 68 tubular, platy, spheroidal, and prismatic. Of these, the spheroidal form of halloysite occurs 69 with a frequency comparable to that of the tubular form (Cravero & Churchman, 2016). 70Platy forms include a range of tabular shapes such as "crumpled lamellar" and "crinkled 71 film" forms and all these invariably have a high Fe content (Bailey, 1990 Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) with respect to the Tauranga study area (after Leonard et al., 2010). 122Locations of the three main study sites at Pahoia, Omokoroa, and Tauriko, and an auxiliary site at 123 (Briggs et al., 1996(Briggs et al., , 2006Leonard et al., 2010). 144 These intercalated pyroclastic, volcaniclastic, and sedimentary d...

show abstract

Halloysite behaving badly: geomechanics and slope behaviour of halloysite-rich soils

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

The 2017 Regent Landslide, Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone

The 2017 Regent Landslide, Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone

Mineralogical and textural characteristics of nest building geomaterials used by three sympatric mud-nesting hirundine species

Discovery of halloysite books in altered silicic Quaternary tephras, northern New Zealand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About