Halloysite Nanotubes Decorated with Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles and Tannic Acid for Effective Inhibition of E. coli Biofilm

Abstract

There is an urgent need to develop an efficient approach to limit biofilm formations. Recent progress in the biofilm treatment field showed remarkable utilization of emerging nanoformulations. In this study, we decorated clay halloysite nanotubules with tannic acid and Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles. The successful synthesis of the nanocomposite was validated by characterization techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, XPS, and VSM analysis. After successful characterizations of nanocomposite (HNTs-M-Tannic acid), antibiofilm effect analysis experiments such as Crystal Violet (CV) staining, biofilmforming marker gene expression analysis, morphology evaluation by SEM, and live and dead cell assay were performed. The Crystal Violet (CV) staining results concluded a significant 57.8% inhibition of the E. coli biofilm formation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of f imA and csgA for E. coli biofilm formation confirmed the capacity of HNTs-M-Tannic acid to impede bacterial cell adhesion, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation. The SEM images and live and dead assay results confirmed and marked the potential of the developed HNTs-M-Tannic acid as an antibiofilm agent against E. coli. In conclusion, this study produced a unique nanocomposite, HNTs-M-Tannic acid, which offers potential as an economically viable, magnetically separable, and biocompatible nanoformulations for antibiofilm studies.

Targeting bacterial biofilm-related genes with nanoparticle-based strategies

“…Rhamnolipid (RHL)-coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs-p-coumaric acid (p-CoA) and gallic acid (GA)-polymer common coatings (PVA; RHL-Fe 3 O 4 @PVA@p-CoA/GA) can strangely inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation via downregulating icaABCD and csgBAC operons, which encode the production of slime layer (icaA and icaD) and the production of curli fimbriae (csgA, csgD, and crl) in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively (Sharaf et al, 2022). Analysis of fimA and csgA genes for biofilm formation of E. coli confirmed the ability of clay halloysite nanotubules with tannic acid and Fe 3 O 4 NPs to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation (Bu et al, 2024). A summary of the effect of the other NPs on the downregulation of bacterial biofilm-related genes can be found in Table 2.…”

Tannic acid adjusts Pd dispersity over Al2O3 for acetylene selective hydrogenation

“…9,10 TA has a highly branched, octopus-like structure, with one central glucose molecule connected with ten gallic acid units via five diacetyl ester groups. 11,12 The chemical structure of TA is demonstrated as a hexatomic ring linked with five arms. 13 The plentiful hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and the hydrophobic aromatic ring enable TA to react with various substances via covalent and non-covalent interactions ( e. g. , π–π interaction and hydrogen bonding).…”