Halloysite versus gibbsite: Silicon cycling as a pedogenetic process in two lowland neotropical rain forest soils of La Selva, Costa Rica

Kleber, Markus; Schwendenmann, Luitgard; Veldkamp, Edzo; Rößner, Jenny; Jahn, Reinhold

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.10.004

Cited by 108 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The fact that the solubility of bamboo phytoliths is 17 times greater than quartz (Fraysse et al, 2006) supports recent studies suggesting that the clay mineral stability or formation in the upper soil horizons (Lucas et al, 1993(Lucas et al, , 2001Kleber et al, 2007;Opfergelt et al, 2010) are controlled by phytolith production and recycling rather than by dissolution of quartz or other crystalline mineral phases (Barré et al, 2009). The BSi pool potentially controls the DSi in shallow soils (Lucas et al, 1993;Derry et al, 2005), and DSi available for the neoformation of secondary minerals .…”

Section: Scenario 2: Soil Weathering-limitedsupporting

confidence: 71%

Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review

et al. 2011

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Section: Scenario 2: Soil Weathering-limitedsupporting

confidence: 71%

Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review

et al. 2011

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“…In this lowland evergreen broad-leaved rainforest, mean annual rainfall is 3,960 mm and mean annual temperature is 25.8°C (37). Soils were classified as Mixed Haplic Haploperox (38). This soil is acidic, highly leached, low in base saturation, and relatively high in organic matter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species

Russell¹,

Raich

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fast-growing forests such as tropical secondary forests can accumulate large amounts of carbon (C), and thereby play an important role in the atmospheric CO 2 balance. Because nitrogen (N) cycling is inextricably linked with C cycling, the question becomes: Where does the N come from to match high rates of C accumulation? In unique experimental 16-y-old plantations established in abandoned pasture in lowland Costa Rica, we used a mass-balance approach to quantify N accumulation in vegetation, identify sources of N, and evaluate differences among tree species in N cycling. The replicated design contained four broadleaved evergreen tree species growing under similar environmental conditions. Nitrogen uptake was rapid, reaching 409 (±30) kg·ha −1 ·y −1 , double the rate reported from a Puerto Rican forest and greater than four times that observed at Hubbard Brook Forest (New Hampshire, USA). Nitrogen amassed in vegetation was 874 (±176) kg·ha −1 , whereas net losses of soil N (0-100 cm) varied from 217 (±146) to 3,354 (±915) kg·ha −1 (P = 0.018) over 16 y. Soil C:N, δ 13 C values, and N budgets indicated that soil was the main source of biomass N. In Vochysia guatemalensis, however, N fixation contributed >60 kg·ha −1 ·y −1 . All species apparently promoted soil N turnover, such that the soil N mean residence time was 32-54 y, an order of magnitude lower than the global mean. High rates of N uptake were associated with substantial N losses in three of the species, in which an average of 1.6 g N was lost for every gram of N accumulated in biomass.carbon sequestration | forest regrowth | nitrogen cycle | soil organic nitrogen | species effects R ates of C accumulation can be rapid in secondary forests, to the extent that forest regrowth following harvest, abandonment of agricultural lands, and deforestation serves as an important sink for atmospheric CO 2 (1). The magnitude is on the order of 2.8 Pg C·y −1 (2), and thereby mitigates climate change. Moist tropical forests are especially productive: Tropical tree plantations capture 7-10 Mg C·ha −1 ·y −1 (3, 4). Abandoned agricultural and pasture land represents roughly half the landscape in the tropics (5); given its high C sequestration potential, if even half of these degraded ecosystems were reforested, it would substantially reduce rates at which CO 2 accumulates in the atmosphere. Tropical forests accounted for 55% of the 861 Pg C of the world's forest C stocks in 2007, a decrease from 58% in 1990 (6). From 1990 to 2007, deforestation of 284 Mha of intact tropical forests resulted in a loss of 58 Pg C while tropical forest regrowth on 110 Mha accrued 27 Pg C (6).Rapid C cycling is integrally linked to N cycling, because N-rich enzymes underlie photosynthesis and high N availability promotes plant productivity. The question becomes: Where does the N come from to match the observed high rates of C accumulation in biomass? Further, do tree species differ in this coupling of C and N cycling? From a conceptual framework, speciesspecific differences in the capture and ...

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“…The soils were Oxisols derived from volcanic parent materials, and belong to the Matabuey consociation [61]. In brief, they are deep, acidic, highly permeable clays with low base saturation and relatively high soil organic matter contents [61][62][63]. Surface-soil pH (in water) was <4.5 in all plots [63].…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variability of Soil Respiration in Experimental Tree Plantations in Lowland Costa Rica

Raich

2017

Forests

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Abstract:The principal objective of this study was to determine if there is consistent temporal variability in soil respiration from different forest plantations in a lowland tropical rainforest environment. Soil respiration was measured regularly over 2004 to 2010 in replicated plantations of 15-to 20-year-old evergreen tropical trees in lowland Costa Rica. Statistically significant but small differences in soil respiration were observed among hours of the day; daytime measurements were suitable for determining mean fluxes in this study. Fluxes varied more substantially among months, with the highest average emissions (5.9 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) occurring in September and low emissions (3.7 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) occurring in January. Three of the six tree species had significantly increasing rates of soil respiration across 2004-2010, with fluxes increasing at an average of 0.09 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 per year: the three other species had no long-term trends. It was hypothesized that there would be a tradeoff between carbon allocation aboveground, to produce new leaves, and belowground, to sustain roots and mycorrhizae, but the relationship between canopy leaf fall-a surrogate for canopy leaf flushing-and soil respiration was significantly positive. The similarities observed among temporal trends across plantation types, and significant relationships between soil respiration, soil water content and soil temperature, suggest that the physical environment largely controlled the temporal variability of soil respiration, but differences in flux magnitude among tree species were substantial and consistent across years.

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Halloysite versus gibbsite: Silicon cycling as a pedogenetic process in two lowland neotropical rain forest soils of La Selva, Costa Rica

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review

Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review

Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species

Temporal Variability of Soil Respiration in Experimental Tree Plantations in Lowland Costa Rica

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