Haloacetic acids, phytotoxic secondary air pollutants

Frank, Hartmut; Scholl, Harald; Renschen, Dirk; Rether, B.; Laouedj, Abdelkrim; Norokorpi, Y.

doi:10.1007/bf02986917

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Closely related microbial processes were found in methodologically similar soil bioremediation studies conducted earlier. The aim of this survey is to provide the reader with results achieved in investigations of the uptake, effects and fate of phytotoxic trichloroacetic acid (TCA, previously considered to be only a secondary atmospheric pollutant, see Frank et al 1994 in the Norway spruce/ soil-system, of the role of CAAs, and finally with considerations of the global role of chlorine in coniferous forest ecosystems and its implications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical cycles of chlorine in the coniferous forest ecosystem: practical implications

Matucha¹,

Clarke²,

Lachmanová³

et al. 2010

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Chlorine -one of the most widespread elements on the Earth -is present in the environment as chloride ion or bound to organic substances. The main source of chloride ions is the oceans while organically bound chlorine (OCl) comes from various sources, including anthropogenic ones. Chlorinated organic compounds were long considered to be only industrial products; nevertheless, organochlorines occur plentifully in natural ecosystems. However, recent investigations in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems have shown them to be products of biodegradation of soil organic matter under participation of chlorine. It is important to understand both the inorganic and organic biogeochemical cycling of chlorine in order to understand processes in the forest ecosystem and dangers as a result of human activities, i.e. emission and deposition of anthropogenic chlorinated compounds as well as those from natural processes. The minireview presented below provides a survey of contemporary knowledge of the state of the art and a basis for investigations of formation and degradation of organochlorines and monitoring of chloride and organochlorines in forest ecosystems, which has not been carried out in the Czech Republic yet.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical cycles of chlorine in the coniferous forest ecosystem: practical implications

Matucha¹,

Clarke²,

Lachmanová³

et al. 2010

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…A series of batch experiments were designed to measure HAA 5 after the ozone contactor and after the BAC column. All experiments were run in triplicate.…”

Section: Operational Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid are also phytotoxic and were used as herbicides until the late 1980s 4 . Haloacetic acids are naturally formed in the atmosphere during the photochemical degradation of chlorinated solvents 5 . In addition, they have been found as disinfection byproducts that result from the addition of a chlorine compound, such as hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, or dichlorine, to water or wastewater for disinfection purposes 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concern over the carcinogenicity of haloacetic acids led the United States Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the allowable concentration of haloacetic acids in drinking water 9 as part of the Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule promulgated in 1998. Five haloacetic acids, known as HAA 5, are regulated as a part of the rule. These are monochloroacetic acid (CAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), bromoacetic acid (BAA), and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are monochloroacetic acid (CAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), bromoacetic acid (BAA), and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA). HAA 5 , which is expressed as the sum of the concentrations of these acids, is currently limited there to 60 ppb 10 . The current concentration of HAA 5 in the Bangkok water supply sampled at the chlorination station of the Bangkhen water treatment plant was approximately 50 ppb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ratasuk¹,

Kositanont²,

Ratanatamskul³

2008

ScienceAsia

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Haloacetic acids are recognized as carcinogens. They are naturally formed on the surface of water or as disinfection by-products of drinking water during the chlorination process. The efficiency of an integrated treatment system combining ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) was examined for the removal of five regulated haloacetic acids, namely, chloroacetic, dichloroacetic, trichloroacetic, bromoacetic, and dibromoacetic acid (known collectively as HAA 5 ), in synthetic water. The effects of ozone dosage, contact time during the ozonation process, and the empty bed contact time (EBCT) of the BAC column were also evaluated. The results demonstrate that the ozonation process is not an effective approach to remove HAA 5 since less than 20% of HAA 5 at the concentration levels found in the water supply system was removed. The majority of HAA 5 in the tested solutions were subsequently removed by the BAC column inoculated with bacteria readily available in surface water. More than 90% of the remaining HAA 5 was eliminated after having been passed through the BAC column with an EBCT of at least 20 minutes. Indigenous microorganism communities inoculated in the BAC column were able to degrade individual HAA 5 species without preference.

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Simultaneous Determination of Haloacetic Acids in Environmental Waters using Electrospray Ionization Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Hashimoto¹,

Otsuki

1998

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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Haloacetic acids, phytotoxic secondary air pollutants

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Biogeochemical cycles of chlorine in the coniferous forest ecosystem: practical implications

Biogeochemical cycles of chlorine in the coniferous forest ecosystem: practical implications

Untitled

Simultaneous Determination of Haloacetic Acids in Environmental Waters using Electrospray Ionization Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

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