Halogenated aromatic amino acid 3,5-dibromo-d-tyrosine produces beneficial effects in experimental stroke and seizures

Cao, Wengang; Glushakov, Alexander V.; Shah, Hina P.; Mecca, Adam P.; Sumners, Colin; Shi, Peng; Seubert, Christoph N.; Martynyuk, Anatoly E.

doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0739-4

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…This scaling system has been adapted to different seizure models including, electrically and chemically induced seizure models [200–203]. The same scaling system is also used for seizure severity assessment for PTZ challenge test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Posttraumatic Seizures and Epilepsy

Glushakov

Glushakova

Doré

et al. 2016

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most common and devastating complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently, the etiopathology and mechanisms of PTE are poorly understood and as a result, there is no effective treatment or means to prevent it. Antiepileptic drugs remain common preventive strategies in the management of TBI to control acute posttraumatic seizures and to prevent the development of PTE, although their efficacy in the latter case is disputed. Different strategies of PTE prophylaxis have been showing promise in preclinical models, but their translation to the clinic still remains elusive due in part to the variability of these models and the fact they do not recapitulate all complex pathologies associated with human TBI. TBI is a multifaceted disorder reflected in several potentially epileptogenic alterations in the brain, including mechanical neuronal and vascular damage, parenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage, subsequent toxicity caused by iron-rich hemoglobin breakdown products, and energy disruption resulting in secondary injuries, including excitotoxicity, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, often coexisting to a different degree. Several in vivo models have been developed to reproduce the acute TBI cascade of events, to reflect its anatomical pathologies, and to replicate neurological deficits. Although acute and chronic recurrent posttraumatic seizures are well-recognized phenomena in these models, there is only a limited number of studies focused on PTE. The most used mechanical TBI models with documented electroencephalographic and behavioral seizures with remote epileptogenesis include fluid percussion, controlled cortical impact, and weight-drop. This chapter describes the most popular models of PTE-induced TBI models, focusing on the controlled cortical impact and the fluid percussion injury models, the methods of behavioral and electroencephalogram seizure assessments, and other approaches to detect epileptogenic properties, and discusses their potential application for translational research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Posttraumatic Seizures and Epilepsy

Glushakov

Glushakova

Doré

et al. 2016

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Method parameters’ impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEven though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains.MethodsWe therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability.ResultsThe Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method.ConclusionsThe current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.

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Halogenated aromatic amino acid 3,5-dibromo-d-tyrosine produces beneficial effects in experimental stroke and seizures

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Animal Models of Posttraumatic Seizures and Epilepsy

Animal Models of Posttraumatic Seizures and Epilepsy

Method parameters’ impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis

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