Halogenated flame retardants in bobcats from the midwestern United States

Emerging contaminants related to the occurrence of forest fires in the Spanish Mediterranean

“…This contamination is associated either to the use of chemicals to their extinction known as flame retardants (FRs) (Pepper et al, 2011), or because pyrolysis or incomplete combustion of litter and standing vegetation favours the formation of toxic compounds as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Yuan et al, 2008). FRs are not only used to extinguish fires but also in the production process of electronics, furniture, clothes and cars (Boyles et al, 2017;Covaci et al, 2003Covaci et al, , 2011. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used in aqueous filmforming foams (AFFF) but also in industrial and consumer products as protective coatings for textiles and paper, in the production of semiconductors and as polymer additives in herbicide and insecticide formulations and in cosmetics (Hale et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2016).…”

“…Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) account for a large group of FRs used for firefighting. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are the second highest production group of BFRs, and their presence has been reported in different environmental matrixes as water (Wang et al, 2017;Ricklund et al, 2010); sediment (Ross et al, 2009); soil (Akortia et al, 2017) and biota (Eulaers et al, 2014;Boyles et al, 2017). In soils and sediments, photolytic degradation and debromination are possible (Segev et al, 2009;Lee and He, 2010).…”

Catalytic de-halogenation of alkyl halides by copper surfaces

“…Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are broad groups of chemicals that are extensively used to delay/prevent the inset of ignition in treated objects via releasing bromine atoms [1][2][3][4].…”

Optimization of a new selective pressurized liquid extraction methodology for determining organic pollutants in wild boar livers

“…To our knowledge, scarce literature about the concentration of OPs in wild boar liver is available due to the complexity of the selected biological sample [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] . For these reasons, it is required to develop quick and simple techniques capable of efficiently detecting a wide range of contaminants.…”

“…The main disadvantages of these techniques are the use of large amounts of solvent and the need for additional cleaning steps to avoid interferences, which involves possible loss of analytes and waste of time. Other alternatives are the use of high pressure extractive techniques such as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) or also called pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) [ 7 , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ]. The combination of PLE with an in situ clean-up (in cell) of the extract is known as selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE).…”