Halogenated pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs: Converging patterns of pollutant profiles, and impacts and risks from high levels

Bouwman, Hindrik; Viljoen, Ignatius M.; Quinn, Laura; Polder, Anuschka

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.003

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs from the same area contained high concentrations of DDT; e.g. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea eggs had the highest ΣDDT concentrations reported this century for any aquatic bird worldwide (Bouwman et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT exposure of frogs: A case study from Limpopo Province, South Africa

2016

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Highlights Contaminants is suspected to play a part in amphibian declines worldwide  No POPs data in frogs from areas where DDT is used for malaria control  Quantifiable DDT was found in frog fat from an area where DDT is used  No testicular oocytes were found in any frog  Significant asymmetric testicular morphology in frogs from the sprayed area AbstractAmphibians are globally under pressure with environmental contaminants contributing to this. Despite caution aired more than 80 years ago of threats posed to amphibians by DDT spraying for disease vector control, no data have been published on concentrations or effects of DDT contamination in frogs from areas where DDT is actively sprayed to control the insect vectors of malaria. In this study, we sampled fat bodies of Xenopus laevis and X. muelleri naturally occurring in an area where indoor residual spraying of DDT is employed and from adjacent, non-sprayed, areas. ΣDDT concentrations ranged between

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT exposure of frogs: A case study from Limpopo Province, South Africa

2016

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“…Recent analyses of aquatic bird eggs from the Luvuvhu River further north (also flowing through malaria controlled areas before entering the KNP) have shown high concentrations of ∑DDT (Table 3); mean 13,000 ng/g wm in Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) eggs (Bouwman et al, 2013). The mean ∑DDT of 450 ng/g wm in the Gorge eggs is two orders of magnitude less.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the even higher concentration of ∑DDT and higher per cent DDT in the ND eggs further upstream of the Gorge may suggest a quick breakdown of p,p 0 -DDT (where used for malaria control) as it moves downstream, and this would be reflected in the pollutant parameters of the food items being higher 30 km upstream from the Gorge. In a separate study it was found that Grey Heron eggs (Ardea cinerea) collected close to a malaria controlled area had very high concentrations of ∑DDT (mean 13,000 ng/g wm; Table 3), but only 0.97 per cent was p,p 0 -DDT (Bouwman et al, 2013), also suggesting a rather quick breakdown. A wider survey of bird eggs, crocodile eggs, and fish would provide more information.…”

Section: Chlorinated Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CF eggs differed significantly from the field collected eggs. Notably, mirex, a fairly ubiquitous pollutant found in bird eggs elsewhere in South Africa (Bouwman et al, , 2013, was below LOQ in CF eggs, but quantifiable in all field-collected eggs (the same laboratory analysed the bird and crocodile eggs). The difference between Gorge and CF eggs was also significant for HCB, ∑PCBs, and ∑DDT; in all cases, the Gorge eggs had the higher concentrations (Fig.…”

Section: Chlorinated Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorinated, brominated, and fluorinated organic pollutants in Nile crocodile eggs from the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Bouwman

Booyens

Govender

et al. 2014

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tRepeated annual episodes of Nile crocodile deaths in two isolated areas of the Kruger National Park prompted the investigation of possible organohalogen pollutant involvement. Crocodile eggs were collected close to one of the mortality sites (Gorge) as well as from a crocodile farm (CF) as reference. ∑DDT was significantly higher in Gorge (450 ng/g wm) than in CF eggs (85 ng/g wet mass). Percentage DDT of ∑DDT was significantly higher in CF (14 per cent) than in Gorge eggs (5 per cent). Mean ∑DDT was almost 70 times higher than mean ∑PCB in Gorge eggs. HCB, β-HCH, mirex, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) occurred at lower concentrations. We believe that the BFR and PFCs data represent the first published results for any crocodile egg. Thickening of the outer eggshell layer of Gorge eggs was significantly associated with higher concentrations of ∑DDT. Concentrations of ∑DDT and other pollutants were in the same range as eggs from elsewhere, where there were no mortalities. Concentrations of ∑DDT in eggs from healthy Australian crocodiles were of the same orders of magnitude as the current study, making it highly unlikely that the concentrations of pollutants measured in the present study would have caused or substantially contributed towards the mortalities observed. Concerns about reproduction and behaviour remain. As large predators, crocodilians are at the apex of the freshwater aquatic food web. More research is needed to guide measures to manage African freshwater systems so that it will also sustainably accommodate these large, long-lived animals.

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“…Chicken meat and eggs make up a significant proportion of the homestead-produced food diets as they are more affordable than red meat. Because DDT has also been found in high concentrations in wild bird eggs from the same area (Bouwman et al, 2013), it stands to reason that chicken eggs will also have high concentrations. We could not find any reference to DDT in chicken eggs from a malaria controlled area where DDT is currently used as IRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of the concentrations and implications of DDT residues in chicken eggs from a malaria-controlled area

et al. 2015

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Highlights No published studies on DDT in chicken eggs from a malaria controlled area  Median and maximum ΣDDT concentrations were 11 000 and 48 000 ng/g wet mass  The maximum residue limit was exceeded 100 times  Calculated acceptable daily intake was not exceeded (3 eggs/week/60 kg bm)  Reductions of DDT in soil ingested by chickens may reduce human intake via eggs ABSTRACT In malaria endemic areas, where DDT is still used for vector control by indoor residual spraying (IRS), concentrations of DDT in human blood and breast milk are high, and there are indications of human health impact. In order to identify possible avenues of exposure reduction, we created the concept of a Total Homestead Environment Approach (THEA). THEA characterises the interactions between DDT, humans, and biota within and around homesteads. One dietary route of human exposure and uptake of DDT, namely chicken egg consumption, has, to our knowledge, never been published. ΣDDT in eggs from a DDT-sprayed village ranged between 5200-48 000 ng/g wm (wet mass), with a median of 11 000 ng/g wm. On a lipid mass-basis (lm), the mean ΣDDT for eggs from the sprayed village was 100 000 ng/g lm. The maximum egg concentration observed was three orders of magnitude higher than the median. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) was exceeded 2.5 times based 1

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Halogenated pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs: Converging patterns of pollutant profiles, and impacts and risks from high levels

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

DDT exposure of frogs: A case study from Limpopo Province, South Africa

DDT exposure of frogs: A case study from Limpopo Province, South Africa

Chlorinated, brominated, and fluorinated organic pollutants in Nile crocodile eggs from the Kruger National Park, South Africa

First report of the concentrations and implications of DDT residues in chicken eggs from a malaria-controlled area

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