Halogenated Polyallyl Ethers in Flame-Retardant Urethane Foams

Abstract

Polyallyl ethers of glycol glycosides and sorbitol were prepared and halogenated by the addition of Br2, Cl2, CCI4, and HOCI. Since these products have at least one free hydroxyl per molecule and 20 to 64% halogen, they were evaluated as reactive flame-retardant (FR) additives for polyurethane foams. Although the halogenated products have high viscosities, they dissolve in blowing agents and polyethers to yield formulations with acceptable viscosities for producing low density foams useful for insulation. The HOCI adducts have acceptable hydroxyl numbers for producing foams without any added polyol, whereas the other adducts, having low hydroxyl numbers, require blending with conventional polyethers to be suitable. At low levels of halogen, both CCI4 and HOCI adducts are significantly more effective as FR in foams than those made by direct addition of free halogen.

Polyurethane Rigid Foam Derived from Reduced Sweet Whey Permeate

“…Rigid urethane foam is synthesized from polyether polyols (PEP) and polyisocyanate (PAPI) in the presence of catalyst, surfactant, blowing agent, and other additives, while polyether polyols are usually made from propoxylation of low-cost materials such as sugars and their derivatives. The most widely used sugar for preparing PEP in industry is sucrose (Meath and Booth, 1977;Knodel, 1975) while less used sugars include maltitol (Takeda Chemical Industries, 1965), alkyl glycosides (Wilham et al, 1975;Otey et al, 1963Otey et al, , 1976Otey et al, , 1978, and modified cornstarch (Cunningham et al, 1992). Whey permeate generated from the cheese industry causes a serious economic and environmental problem (Zall, 1992).…”