Halophiles

DasSarma, Shiladitya; DasSarma, Priya

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000394.pub3

Cited by 96 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For example, N, infecting Halobacterium salinarum, survives even in distilled water (9). Salinity fluctuations occur in hypersaline environments due to evaporation as well as rainfall and freshwater streams (84,85), and thus, viruses infecting hosts residing in such environments should be able to withstand these fluctuations. The salt-dependent infectivity inactivation/reactivation described here (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Head-Tailed Viruses Infecting Extremely Halophilic Archaea

Pietilä

Laurinmäki

Russell

et al. 2013

J Virol

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c Extremophilic archaea, both hyperthermophiles and halophiles, dominate in habitats where rather harsh conditions are encountered. Like all other organisms, archaeal cells are susceptible to viral infections, and to date, about 100 archaeal viruses have been described. Among them, there are extraordinary virion morphologies as well as the common head-tailed viruses. Although approximately half of the isolated archaeal viruses belong to the latter group, no three-dimensional virion structures of these headtailed viruses are available. Thus, rigorous comparisons with bacteriophages are not yet warranted. In the present study, we determined the genome sequences of two of such viruses of halophiles and solved their capsid structures by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. We show that these viruses are inactivated, yet remain intact, at low salinity and that their infectivity is regained when high salinity is restored. This enabled us to determine their three-dimensional capsid structures at low salinity to a ϳ10-Å resolution. The genetic and structural data showed that both viruses belong to the same T-number class, but one of them has enlarged its capsid to accommodate a larger genome than typically associated with a T‫7؍‬ capsid by inserting an additional protein into the capsid lattice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Head-Tailed Viruses Infecting Extremely Halophilic Archaea

Pietilä

Laurinmäki

Russell

et al. 2013

J Virol

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“…Slight halophiles show optimum growth at 2–5% NaCl, moderate halophiles at 5–20% NaCl, and extreme halophiles show 20–30% NaCl respectively. Many halophiles and halotolerant microorganisms can grow over a wide range of salt concentrations with occasionally depending on environmental and nutritional factors for the growth and tolerance (DasSarma, 2001; DasSarma and Arora, 2002; Das et al , 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils

Irshad¹,

Ahmad²,

Kim³

2014

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Halophilic bacteria are commonly found in natural environments containing significant concentration of NaCl such as inland salt lakes and evaporated sea-shore pools, as well as environments such as curing brines, salted food products and saline soils. Dependence on salt is an important phenotypic characteristic of halophilic bacteria, which can be used in the polyphasic characterization of newly discovered microorganisms. In this study the diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils of Daecheon, Chungnam, and Saemangeum, Jeonbuk, was investigated. Two types of media, namely NA and R2A supplemented with 3%, 5%, 9%, 15%, 20% and 30% NaCl were used. More than 200 halophilic bacteria were isolated and BOX-PCR fingerprinting analysis was done for the typing of the isolates. The BLAST identification results showed that isolated strains were composed of 4 phyla, Firmicutes (60%), Proteobacteria (31%), Bacteriodetes (5%) and Actinobacteria (4%). Isolates were affiliated with 16 genera and 36 species. Bacillus was the dominant genus in the phylum Firmicutes, comprising 24% of the total isolates. Halomonas (12%) and Shewanella (12%) were also found as the main genera. These findings show that the foreshore soil of Daecheon Beach and Saemangeum Sea of Korea represents an untapped source of bacterial biodiversity.

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“…Halophiles are salt loving organisms that fl ourish in saline environments and can be classifi ed as slightly, moderately or extremely halophilic depending on their sodium chloride requirements (DasSarma and DasSarma 2012 ). The saline environments that halophiles inhabit include the marine and estuarine environments, solar salterns, salt lakes, brines and saline soils.…”

Section: Nanoparticles Synthesis By Halophilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Halophiles

Srivastava

Kowshik

2015

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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Nanobiotechnology is a multidisciplinary branch of nanotechnology which includes fabrication of nanomaterials using biological approaches. Many bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae and viruses have been used for synthesis of various metallic, metal sulfi de, metal oxide and alloy nanoparticles , since the fi rst report on biosynthesis of cadmium sulfi de quantum dots by Candida glabrata and Schizosaccharomyces pombe in 1989. These nanofactories offer a better size control through compartmentalization in the periplasmic space and vesicles, and are usually capped by stabilizing cellular metabolites. Halophiles depending on their salt requirements may be classifi ed as slight, moderate and extreme halophiles. They are found in marine and/or hypersaline environments. These organisms are known to encounter metals in their environment as the econiches they inhabit serve as ecological sinks for metals. Metal based nanoparticle synthesis by halophilic organisms is in its infancy and has only been reported in few organisms. This chapter aims to shed light on the various halophilic organisms and their by-products that have been exploited for nanomaterial synthesis, the mechanisms that may be involved in the nanomaterial fabrication and the possible applications of the fabricated nanoparticles. A special section would be dedicated for the bioavailability of metals to halophiles under varying salinity conditions.

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Halophiles

Cited by 96 publications

References 50 publications

Insights into Head-Tailed Viruses Infecting Extremely Halophilic Archaea

Insights into Head-Tailed Viruses Infecting Extremely Halophilic Archaea

Culturable diversity of halophilic bacteria in foreshore soils

Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Halophiles

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