Halophiles of All Kinds:What are They Up to Now and Where do They Come From?

Kushner, D. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3730-4_8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Most early attempts to detect organic osmotic solutes in moderately halophilic bacteria were aimed at the quantitation of intracellular amino acids. The search for amino acids was to some extent inspired by the finding that in vitro protein synthesis by ribosomes of S. costicola is already inhibited by relatively low chloride concentrations but proceeds uninhibited or even somewhat stimulated in the presence of 0.6 M potassium glutamate (141,173). Also, a number of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes are strongly inhibited by Cl Ϫ but function well in 1 M sodium or potassium glutamate or higher.…”

Section: Organic Osmotic Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complex enzymatic machinery required for protein synthesis by the ribosomes presents an excellent object for the study of the influence of salt on intracellular activities, and therefore extensive research efforts have been dedicated to in vitro protein synthesis by S. costicola ribosomes (30,141,171,173,368). These studies included the measurement of poly(U)directed phenylalanine incorporation and [ 14 C]valine incorporation, with E. coli phage R 17 RNA as the template, leading to the formation of a protein with the same electrophoretic mobility as the valine-rich R 17 coat protein.…”

Section: Cytoplasmic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the inhibitory effect of Cl Ϫ could be partially reversed by glycine betaine or glutamate. When Cl Ϫ was replaced by other anions, such as glutamate, sulfate, or acetate, excellent in vitro protein synthesis activity was found at cation concentrations as high as 0.6 M, both in S. costicola and in H. canadensis (30,141,171,173,368). Not all components of the protein-synthesizing machinery are equally chloride sensitive: the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of S. costicola functions well at 0.5 M NaCl.…”

Section: Cytoplasmic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology of Moderately Halophilic Aerobic Bacteria

Ventosa

Nieto

Oren

1998

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,166

524

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SUMMARY The moderately halophilic heterotrophic aerobic bacteria form a diverse group of microorganisms. The property of halophilism is widespread within the bacterial domain. Bacterial halophiles are abundant in environments such as salt lakes, saline soils, and salted food products. Most species keep their intracellular ionic concentrations at low levels while synthesizing or accumulating organic solutes to provide osmotic equilibrium of the cytoplasm with the surrounding medium. Complex mechanisms of adjustment of the intracellular environments and the properties of the cytoplasmic membrane enable rapid adaptation to changes in the salt concentration of the environment. Approaches to the study of genetic processes have recently been developed for several moderate halophiles, opening the way toward an understanding of haloadaptation at the molecular level. The new information obtained is also expected to contribute to the development of novel biotechnological uses for these organisms.

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Section: Organic Osmotic Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%