Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms-an overview and historical perspective

Larsen, Helge

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01835.x

Cited by 162 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Larsen (1986) defined moderate halophiles as organisms growing optimally between 5 and 20 % NaCl. Extreme halophiles are able to grow in saturated NaCl and unable to grow in the presence of NaCl concentrations less than 12 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic actinomycete isolated from a saltern.

Chun¹,

Bae²,

Moon³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

147

120

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A moderately halophilic actinomycete, designated HA-9 T , was isolated from a saltern in Kunsan, Republic of Korea, and was the subject of polyphasic identification. Analysis of 16S rDNA indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Nocardiopsis, but differed genetically from other Nocardiopsis species. Strain HA-9T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, no diagnostic sugars, hexaor octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with 10 isoprene units, straight-chain saturated or monounsaturated, iso-, anteiso-, 10-methyl branched fatty acids with 13-18 carbons and type III phospholipids. All of these characters consistently assign the isolate to the genus Nocardiopsis. All of the validly described Nocardiopsis species, including moderately halophilic Nocardiopsis halophila, can be differentiated from the saltern isolate using morphological and physiological traits. On the basis of polyphasic evidence, the name Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov. is proposed for strain HA-9 T (l KCTC 9831 T ), which is designated the type strain.Keywords : Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov., polyphasic taxonomy, 16S rDNA sequencing INTRODUCTIONThe genus Nocardiopsis was created by Meyer (1976) to harbour Actinomadura dassonvillei on the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties. The genus currently comprises seven validly described species, namely Nocardiopsis alba, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Nocardiopsis halophila, Nocardiopsis listeri, Nocardiopsis lucentensis, Nocardiopsis prasina and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans Kroppenstedt, 1992 ;Yassin et al., 1993Yassin et al., , 1997. The members of Nocardiopsis are phylogenetically coherent and form a monophyletic clade that is equated with the family Nocardiopsaceae (Rainey et al., 1996). None of the Nocardiopsis species to date have been reported as halophilic except N. halophila, which can grow best at 5-15 % NaCl . In this study, we report the results of polyphasic identification of an actinomycete strain, designated HA-9 T , isolated from a saltern sample. optimally in medium containing 10 % NaCl and showed properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardiopsis Meyer 1976 as a new species, of which the name Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov. is proposed. METHODSBacterial strains. The saltern sample was collected from Kunsan, Republic of Korea. Bacterial strains were isolated by plating serially diluted samples onto Bennett medium based on seawater (2 g glucose, 1 g yeast extract, 1 g malt extract, 2 g peptone, 20 g agar, 1 l aged seawater, pH 7n2). After incubating at 30 mC for 2 weeks, a visible colony, designated HA-9 T , was transferred and subcultured until pure culture was obtained. Complex medium (CM ; 7n5 g Casamino acids, 10 g yeast extract, 3 g sodium citrate, 10 g magnesium sulfate, 2 g potassium chloride, 1 ml 4n98 % iron sulfate, 100 g NaCl, 1 l distilled water, pH 7n4) was used for growing strain HA-9 T and Nocardiopsis halophila KCTC 9825 T (l A.S.4.1195). The strain was maintained as a glycerol suspension (20 %, w\v) at k80 mC. J. Chun and others colonies, ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic actinomycete isolated from a saltern.

Chun¹,

Bae²,

Moon³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

147

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Microbiology Reviews. As stated in one of those papers (Larsen 1986), much of the work has made use of halobacteria as model organisms for the study of basic phenomena in molecular biology and evolution. Few deal with the molecular basis for the ability to cope with a salty environment.…”

Section: Sodium Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the ecology of planktonic bacteria in fresh and salt water

Hobbie

1988

Limnology & Oceanography

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The planktonic bacteria inhabiting fresh and salt waters are not physiologically identical; most marine bacteria, for example, require sodium and some marine forms can thrive at 1,000 atm of pressure in the deep sea. Despite this difference, the conclusion of this review is that the ecology of planktonic bacteria is virtually identical in fresh and salt waters.The differences are small and mostly a matter of relative proportion of various processes. That is, similar bacterial processes occur in fresh and salt waters but in each environment, one process may be more important than another. For example, bacteria in freshwaters are exposed to high amounts of refractory dissolved organic carbon from soil and stream runoff, while many marine bacteria are exposed to relatively more of the labile organic matter from decaying algae. Also, under anaerobic conditions the sulfur cycle will be dominant in the sea while the carbon-methane cycle will be more important in freshwaters. In spite of the presence of relatively high amounts of methane in the sea, there is thus far little evidence that ,a significant amount of methane is being oxidized.Not enough is yet known to determine if there are dilfcrences in the grazing of bacteria in the two systems. Small, flagellated protozoans are very important grazers in freshwater and marine systems but there is some evidence from salt waters that ciliates are also important grazers. Marine ecosystems also contain large animals that can filter out bacteria. Sponges are the dominant suspension feeders on coral reefs, mussels and oysters are dominant in estuarine and marsh systems, and a large appendicularian may filter significant amounts of bacteria through a mucous net. Ecological understanding of the aquatic bacteria has advanced rapidly in the past two decades. One reason is the basic similarity between microbial ecology in fresh and salt waters and the consequent interchangeability of techniques.

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“…As defined by Kushner (1978) and Larsen (1986), moderately halophilic bacteria grow optimally in 0n5-3n0 M salt. Strains h1 T and h37 T fall into this group since they not only grew over a wide range of NaCl concentrations but also required sodium for growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequences of strains h1 T and h37 T were aligned manually against the database of small subunit rRNAs (Larsen, 1986). The sequences of the final alignment set were obtained from the latest version of GenBank ( Table 1).…”

Section: International Journal Of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylarcula marina gen. nov., sp. nov. and Methylarcula terricola sp. nov.: novel aerobic, moderately halophilic, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from coastal saline environments.

Доронина¹,

Trotsenko²,

Tourova³

2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms-an overview and historical perspective

Cited by 162 publications

References 21 publications

Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic actinomycete isolated from a saltern.

Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic actinomycete isolated from a saltern.

A comparison of the ecology of planktonic bacteria in fresh and salt water

Methylarcula marina gen. nov., sp. nov. and Methylarcula terricola sp. nov.: novel aerobic, moderately halophilic, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from coastal saline environments.

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