Halophilic Vibrio spp. associated with hard clams (Mercenaria spp.) from the Calabar river estuary

Sj, Utsalo; Mboto, C. I.; Gemade, E. I. I.; Nwangwa, M. A.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90464-6

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies (7, 13) have described the association of vibrio pathogens with fishery foods from coastal and estuarine waters. High infection rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus have been reported in hard clams from the Calabar River estuarine waters (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of cholera and Vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhoea endemicity in Calabar, Nigeria

Eko

Antia-Obong

1992

Eur J Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The clinical and epidemiological features of acute vibrio diarrhoeal disease were studied in 881 patients seen at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria, between January and December 1989. Stools and rectal swabs of patients and randomly-selected control subjects were microscopically and culturally examined for the presence of enteric pathogens. Households of vibrio diarrhoea cases and matched controls were visited for ecologic studies. Of a total of 108 (12.3%) culturally-confirmed bacterial diarrhoeas, 47 (43.5%) were due to Escherichia coli, 33 (30.6%) to Vibrio cholerae-01 (classical and El Tor biotypes) and V. parahaemolyticus, while shigellae and salmonellae accounted for 29 (26.9%) and 9 (8.3%) cases, respectively. Most cholera case households clustered within the ancient neighbourhood of the inner city, characterized by poorly developed water and sewage disposal systems. A preponderance of vibrio diarrhoea patients were children < or = 10 years. Adult cases involved mostly females. The only case of diarrhoea-related death involved an eight-month old child with kwashiorkor and V. parahaemolyticus infection. Incidence of vibrio diarrhoeas was seasonal, with most cases occurring during the dry season followed by subsidence at the onset of rainy season. Bimodal peaks of vibrio diarrhoeal episodes observed over the period appeared to coincide with periods of acute water scarcity, high temperature, increased fishing activities and trade traffic on the Calabar River estuary. Of the environments sampled, only clam shells from a case household and river sediments yielded vibrio pathogens on culture. Ecological factors that are capable of stabilizing a focus of vibrio diarrhoea endemicity in this area are highlighted.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of cholera and Vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhoea endemicity in Calabar, Nigeria

Eko

Antia-Obong

1992

Eur J Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Ogawa and Inaba subtypes were abundantly isolated. These have largely been reported even in epidemic cholera along the West coast of Africa and in South-Eastern Nigeria in particular (7,11,12). It is significant that Hikojima subtype was isolated in two locations in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The Ogawa se-sources of infection, and Vibrio species have largely been isolated from these sources in the southeastern region of Nigeria (7,11,12). It is against this background that shellfish and water samples from five fishing islands in this region, which are the major sources of shellfish sold in inland markets of Nigeria, were screened for Vibrio species and pathotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Vibrio species in Shellfish and Water Samples Collected from the Atlantic Coastline of South-East Nigeria

Eyisi

Nwodo

Iroegbu

2013

J Health Popul Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To a lesser extent, the occurrence and distribution of nontoxigenic V. cholerae in oysters and the environment has also been studied (22,23). However, few data exist regarding the levels of these human pathogens in clams (24)(25)(26)(27).During the summer of 2012, V. parahaemolyticus illnesses associated with shellfish (oysters and clams) harvested from New York and Connecticut waters in Long Island Sound were reported (28). In response, both states closed the implicated shellfish growing areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Long Island Sound

Jones

Lüdeke²,

Bowers

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vibriosis is a leading cause of seafood-associated morbidity and mortality in the United States. Typically associated with consumption of raw or undercooked oysters, vibriosis associated with clam consumption is increasingly being reported. However, little is known about the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in clams. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters and clams harvested concurrently from Long Island Sound (LIS). Most probable number (MPN)-real-time PCR methods were used for enumeration of total V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and pathogenic (tdh ؉ and/or trh ؉ ) V. parahaemolyticus. V. cholerae was detected in 8.8% and 3.3% of oyster (n ‫؍‬ 68) and clam (n ‫؍‬ 30) samples, with levels up to 1.48 and 0.48 log MPN/g in oysters and clams, respectively. V. vulnificus was detected in 97% and 90% of oyster and clam samples, with median levels of 0.97 and ؊0.08 log MPN/g, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in all samples, with median levels of 1.88 and 1.07 log MPN/g for oysters and clams, respectively. The differences between V. vulnificus and total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus levels in the two shellfish species were statistically significant (P < 0.001). These data indicate that V. vulnificus and total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus are more prevalent and are present at higher levels in oysters than in hard clams. Additionally, the data suggest differences in vibrio populations between shellfish harvested from different growing area waters within LIS. These results can be used to evaluate and refine illness mitigation strategies employed by risk managers and shellfish control authorities. The incidence of vibriosis in the United States has increased over the past decade (1), and it continues to be a leading cause of seafood-borne illnesses in this country (2). Among the most common causes of seafood-associated vibriosis are Vibrio cholerae (nontoxigenic), Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1, 2). Nontoxigenic (non-O1/non-O139) V. cholerae lacks the major virulence factor, cholera toxin, associated with the disease cholera (3). Infection by these strains typically results in a relatively mild form of gastroenteritis (4), but certain serotypes can cause a cholera-like illness (5, 6). Similarly, infections by the leading cause of vibriosis, V. parahaemolyticus, typically manifest as mild to moderate gastrointestinal illness (2, 7). While there is still much uncertainty surrounding V. parahaemolyticus virulence, the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related (trh) genes is commonly recognized as an indicator of pathogenicity (8,9). Although it is a less frequent cause of vibriosis, V. vulnificus can cause more severe illness, including septicemia and death, particularly in individuals with predisposing conditions (2, 10).In addition to the apparent effects of an expanding geographical range of vibrios (11), there is evidence that hard-shelled clams (Merce...

show abstract

Halophilic Vibrio spp. associated with hard clams (Mercenaria spp.) from the Calabar river estuary

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Features of cholera and Vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhoea endemicity in Calabar, Nigeria

Features of cholera and Vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhoea endemicity in Calabar, Nigeria

Distribution of Vibrio species in Shellfish and Water Samples Collected from the Atlantic Coastline of South-East Nigeria

Abundance of Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Long Island Sound

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About