Hammer Drilling and NERO

Abstract

This Scientific Prospectus is based on precruise JOIDES panel discussions and scientific input from the designated Co-Chief Scientists on behalf of the drilling proponents. The operational plans within reflect JOIDES Planning Committee and thematic panel priorities. During the course of the cruise, actual site operations may indicate to the Co-Chief Scientists and the Operations Manager that it would be scientifically or operationally advantageous to amend the plan detailed in this prospectus. It should be understood that any proposed changes to the plan presented here are contingent upon approval of the Director of the Ocean Drilling Program in consultation with the Science and Operations Committees (successors to the Planning Committee) and the Pollution Prevention and Safety Panel.Technical Editor: Karen K. Graber Leg 179 Scientific ProspectusPage 3 ABSTRACTLeg 179 is a two-part drilling program; first we will test the hammer drill-in casing system recently developed under the direction of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), then we will drill and case a hole for the Ninetyeast Ridge Observatory (NERO) project. The sea trials for the hammer drill-in casing system will take place near ODP Site 735, in the rift mountains of the Southwest IndianRidge. We will evaluate the operational characteristics of the components of the hammer drill-in casing system, as well as the complete system. This test will also address operational limits of the system in terms of water depth, topography, and surface slope. Time permitting, we will recover cores through the cased reentry hole, to as great a depth as possible. Fifteen days on site have been allocated for these tests. Successful completion of the NERO project will fill a major gap in the global coverage of seismic, magnetic, and general geophysical monitoring. Currently, geophysical observatories are only present on continents and islands; thus, data collection is incomplete.Establishing a cased reentry hole into basement at ODP Site 757 will be the first step toward the installation of a Geophysical Ocean Bottom Observatory. This observatory will be part of the future network of seafloor observatories proposed in the International Ocean Network (ION) program for studying global geodynamics and earthquakes. A borehole observatory at NinetyeastRidge will enhance investigation of the dynamics of the Indian plate. This plate has a complex geologic history characterized by high intraplate seismicity and may contain a diffuse plate boundary between the Central Indian Ridge and the Indonesian Arc. A seismometer will be installed in the hole at a later date. Several additional seismic experiments are planned for the NERO site during and after drilling operations. These include (1) a vertical seismic profile, (2) a seismic-while-drilling experiment, 3) and a two-ship offset seismic experiment (OSE) using the German research vessel Sonne, which will shoot several seismic profiles of varying azimuth and along circles with different radii about the hole. Shots in the OSE will be reco...