Hamming code and logistic-map based pixel-level active forgery detection scheme using fragile watermarking

Cryptanalysis of a Hamming Code and Logistic-Map based Pixel-Level Active Forgery Detection Scheme

“…The scheme in [1] proposes a fragile watermarking scheme for tamper detection in digital images. The scheme is based on (7,4) hamming code and logistic map: for each pixel the 4 most significant bits (MSBs) are selected and (7,4) hamming code is used to generate 3-bits authentication code that is then further processed using the logistic map and embedded into the LSBs of the pixel in question.…”

“…The scheme under study [1] is a fragile watermarking system for tamper detection in digital images, after a successful cryptanalysis we should be able to manipulate the watermarked images without being detected by the extraction scheme. To achieve that goal, the keys or the equivalent of the keys are needed.…”

“…In the scheme in [1] the keys are the initial condition α 0 and the control parameter β of the logistic map.…”

“…Digital watermarking present a solution for these problems [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. Digital watermarking could be classified into three categories: robust, fragile, and semi-fragile watermarking schemes.…”

“…The work presented by the cryptanalysts helped improving the quality of the future proposed security schemes. In this context w analyze the security of a recently proposed fragile watermarking scheme by S. Prasad et al [1], security flaws have been spotted in the scheme and two different types of attacks are performed and we were able to modify the image without being detected by the detection scheme, finally, an improvement of the scheme is proposed to cover the security problems.…”