Hamstring Injuries in Sprinters

Jönhagen, Sven; Németh, Gunnar; Eriksson, Ejnar

doi:10.1177/036354659402200218

Cited by 220 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…22,26 The fibrotic process of scar formation results in tissue contraction, reduced compliance, and altered local biomechanics, all of which have been postulated to contribute to the increased risk of recurrent injury. 22,23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal Musculotendinous T Junction Injuries of the Biceps Femoris: An MRI Case Review

Entwisle

Ling

Splatt

et al. 2017

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:Injury to the distal musculotendinous T junction (DMTJ) of the biceps femoris is a distinct clinical entity that behaves differently from other hamstring injuries due to its complex, multicomponent anatomy and dual innervation. Injury in this region demonstrates a particularly high rate of recurrence, even with prolonged rehabilitation times.Purpose:To describe the anatomy of the DMTJ of the biceps femoris and analyze the injury patterns seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to aid prognosis and rehabilitation and minimize the risk of recurrence.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Acute injury to the DMTJ of the biceps femoris was identified in 106 MRI examinations from 55 patients at a single institution. Each injury was classified as involving the long head, the short head, or both components of the DMTJ, with each component individually graded. Injuries were classified as recurrent if there was a previous MRI demonstrating an acute injury to the DMTJ or if there was scarring present at the site of an acute injury.Results:Of the 106 acute injuries to the DMTJ of the biceps femoris, isolated injury to the long head component was the most common (51%), with both components involved in [round 42.5% to 43%] of cases. Isolated injury to the short head component accounted for 7% of cases. The recurrence rate for reinjury to the DMTJ was 54% in this series. The date of prior injury was known in 45 of 57 recurrent cases, with 34 of these reoccurring within 3 months (76%) and 40 reoccurring within 12 months (89%). The recurrent injury was of a higher grade than the prior injury in 22 of 44 instances (50%), the same grade in 16 instances (36%), and a lower grade in 6 instances (14%). Thus, 86% of recurrent injuries were of the same or higher grade than prior injury.Conclusion:These results suggest that high-risk muscle injuries, such as that to the DMTJ of the biceps femoris, should be evaluated using MRI to determine the structural components involved and to assess the extent and severity of injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal Musculotendinous T Junction Injuries of the Biceps Femoris: An MRI Case Review

Entwisle

Ling

Splatt

et al. 2017

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…Jönhagen et al 41 The second, and in most cases preferable, study design is the cohort study, where all data are collected in a standardised manner prospectively in time. The approach involves measuring potential risk factors before injuries occur, after which new cases and exposure are reported during a period of follow up.…”

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for sports injuries — a methodological approach

Bahr

Holme²

2003

Br J Sports Med

697

596

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The methodology for studies designed to investigate potential risk factors for sports injury is reviewed, using the case of hamstring strains as an example. Injuries result from a complex interaction of multiple risk factors and events. Therefore, a multivariate statistical approach should be used. In addition, the sample size of the study needs to be considered carefully. Sample size mainly depends on the expected effect of the risk factor on injury risk, and to detect moderate to strong associations 20–50 injury cases are needed, whereas small to moderate associations would need about 200 injured subjects. Studies published to date on the risk factors for hamstring strains have methodological limitations, and are too small to detect small to moderate associations.

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“…Muscle damage was the primary mechanism that contributed to muscle soreness and strength loss that followed eccentric exercise (Eston et al, 1995). In another study of two subject groups, one with and one without a recent hamstring injury, it was demonstrated that the injury group had a significantly tighter hamstring and a decreased range of motion when compared to the uninjured group (Jonhagen et al, 1994). One additional finding revealed that the injury group had weaker eccentric contractions and weaker concentric contractions at slower velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Elastic Hamstring Assistance Device During Downhill Running

Aldret

Trahan

Davis

et al. 2017

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of using an elastic hamstring assistance device to reduce perceived levels of soreness, increase isometric strength, increase passive range of motion, and decrease biomarkers of muscle damage after eccentric exercise, specifically, downhill running This study was conducted in a university exercise physiology laboratory placing sixteen apparently healthy males ( = 21.6 ± 2.5 years) into two groups using a pre-test/post-test design. Pre-intervention measures taken included participants’ body height, body mass, body fat, capillary blood samples, VO2max, isometric hamstring strength at 45 and 90 degrees of flexion and passive hamstring range of motion. Post-intervention measures included blood biomarkers, passive range of motion, the perceived level of soreness and isometric strength. An analysis of normality of data was initially conducted followed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of hamstring strength at 45 and 90 degrees of flexion, blood myoglobin and passive range of motion of the hamstrings. Statistically significant changes were noted in subject-perceived muscle soreness and isometric strength at 90 degrees at the 24-hour post-exercise trial measure between the two groups. Results would suggest the findings could be explained by the decrease in muscle soreness from utilizing the device during the exercise trial. Further research should be conducted to address sample size issues and to determine if the results are comparable on different surfaces.

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Hamstring Injuries in Sprinters

Cited by 220 publications

References 32 publications

Distal Musculotendinous T Junction Injuries of the Biceps Femoris: An MRI Case Review

Distal Musculotendinous T Junction Injuries of the Biceps Femoris: An MRI Case Review

Risk factors for sports injuries — a methodological approach

Effects of an Elastic Hamstring Assistance Device During Downhill Running

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