Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio in Female Athletes with a Previous Hamstring Injury, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, and Controls

Kellis, Eleftherios; Galanis, Nikiforos; Kofotolis, Nikolaos

doi:10.3390/sports7100214

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, peak torque values of the extensors and flexors occur at different knee joint flexion angles [ 64 ]. Hence, many authors are considering refining this predictor or providing alternative variants (e.g., functional H/Q ratio) so that the disproportions between antagonistic muscle groups can be better assessed [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio and Jumping and Sprinting Abilities of Young Male Soccer Players

Diker

Struzik

Ön

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The correct torque ratio between the knee joint extensor and flexor muscle groups can effectively prevent injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring strain. However, it is unclear whether a high torque ratio of the knee joint flexor muscles to the extensor muscles is beneficial for sport performance. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) ratio and sprint times (10- and 30-m) and jump heights (CMJ—countermovement jump and SJ—squat jump) in soccer players. The study examined 26 young elite soccer players (age: 18.1 ± 0.7 years; body height: 1.77 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 72.7 ± 5.7 kg). Knee joint flexor and extensor peak torques were assessed using the Cybex dynamometer (at 60°/s, 120°/s and 180°/s). Additionally, each participant performed the CMJ, SJ, and 30 m sprint. A significant relationship was obtained between the H/Q ratio (60°/s) and 30 m sprint time (r = 0.47). The positive direction of this relationship may indicate an important role of knee joint extensors in sprinting performance. Moreover, the H/Q ratio was not significantly associated with the CMJ, SJ or 10 m sprint performance. The H/Q ratio should be considered together with the peak torque values in terms of the assessment of sprinting and jumping performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio and Jumping and Sprinting Abilities of Young Male Soccer Players

Diker

Struzik

Ön

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Fujita et al [21] and Kellis et al [22] included only female participants in their studies. However, a few other studies [19,20] recruited both genders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results contradict those of a few previous studies. According to a few recent studies [21,22], the muscle strength ratio of the flexor and extensor muscles in the knee does not affect the risk of knee pain and sports injury. This difference is attributed to the biomechanical differences in structure between men and women [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Perception of Knee Pain on Muscle Strength and Endurance among Elite Female Handball Players

Kim

Park

2021

Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin

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Objectives This study aimed to examine the effect of knee pain perception on muscle strength and endurance among elite female handball players. Methods This study included 60 handball players who participated in training and competition from January to December 2019. Muscle strength, endurance, and hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee were estimated using Computer Sports Medicine, INC (Cybex, HUMAC, USA). The independent samples t-test was used for inter-group comparison. The Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analyses were used to assess associations among the variables and identify factors affecting pain perception, respectively. Results No significant differences in knee muscle strength, endurance of both the flexor and extensor muscles, and muscle strength (hamstring/quadriceps ratio) were noted between the high and low groups. However, the ratio of muscle endurance of the flexor and extensor of the knee in the high group was significantly lower than that in the low group. Furthermore, pain was found to correlate only with muscle endurance (hamstring/quadriceps ratio). The pain scale reading increased by 1. Moreover, muscle endurance ratio of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee decreased by 3.07. Conclusion Muscle endurance (hamstring/quadriceps ratio) of the flexor and extensor muscles, classified based on an average pain scale, differed between the high and low groups. These results can aid in development of rehabilitation and exercise programs for players involved in handball and similar sports in the future.

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“…Therefore, during a sprint, a reduced eccentric strength may be responsible for hamstring injury and not a lack of flexibility. Several studies showed that the occurrence of hamstring injuries can be caused by eccentric hamstring weakness, muscle imbalance of the limb (eg, dominant side and non‐dominant side), imbalance of the hamstring‐to‐quadriceps ratio (=parameter to estimate muscle strength balance between the agonist and antagonist), and hamstring flexibility 34,35 . In addition to this biomechanical aspect, the SRT is not consistent with the sport context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstring‐and‐lower‐back flexibility is not related to hamstring‐and‐lower‐back injuries in elite female soccer players

Versteeg

Thijs

Zuithoff

et al. 2021

Translational Sports Med

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Objectives Although muscle flexibility is considered to be a risk factor for hamstring‐and‐lower back injuries (HLB‐injuries) in male soccer players, it is unclear whether this is true for elite female soccer players. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Method One hundred fourteen elite female soccer players were monitored during the 2014‐2015 soccer season. Hamstring‐and‐lower‐back flexibility (HLB‐flexibility) was assessed using the sit‐and‐reach test (SRT) and soccer exposure and soccer‐related injuries were registered. Poisson regression was used to study the association between HLB‐flexibility and HLB‐injuries with adjustment for possible confounders. Results Of the 114 players, 46 (40%) reported an HLB‐injury (60 hamstring injuries and 20 lower back injuries) during the season, accounting for 22% of all injuries reported. No significant association was found between HLB‐flexibility and HLB‐injuries (P = .534). Also, after correction for potential confounders (age, weight, height, match exposure, and training exposure), HLB‐flexibility was not found to be associated with HLB‐injuries ((1.027 (0.989‐1.066) (RR 95% CI)), P = .164 unadjusted, and 1.022 (0.987‐1.059), P = .217 adjusted). Match exposure was significantly associated with HLB‐injuries. When the number of match hours increased by 1, the number of HLB‐injuries increased by a factor 1.051. Conclusion HLB‐flexibility does not influence the occurrence of HLB‐injuries in elite female soccer players.

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Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio in Female Athletes with a Previous Hamstring Injury, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, and Controls

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

The Relationship between the Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio and Jumping and Sprinting Abilities of Young Male Soccer Players

The Relationship between the Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio and Jumping and Sprinting Abilities of Young Male Soccer Players

Effect of the Perception of Knee Pain on Muscle Strength and Endurance among Elite Female Handball Players

Hamstring‐and‐lower‐back flexibility is not related to hamstring‐and‐lower‐back injuries in elite female soccer players

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